对恐惧产生的反应采用积极的和消极的形式(下)
Becoming slightly more cautious is a reasonable response to the September 11 attacks, the Maryland-based clinical psychologist told Reuters Health. Following an assault, it is sufficient to be "a little more sensitive...more guarded," he said.
"You can make plans, and you can take care," Karson noted. But how a person fares in the aftermath of terror has more to do with individual nature than circumstance, he added.
Based on his work of the last five decades, Karson thinks certain personalities are primed to seek out risk, while others have little tolerance for anxiety, making them less able to deal with stress, whether caused by bombings or the regular noise of city life.
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"We're programmed as to the level of voltage that we can withstand or think we can withstand," he said.
The media can fan the public's fears, Karson asserted, and add to the anxiety of those already prone to edginess.
Asked whether the US has been lost in a kind of fortunate fantasy, the psychologist said no. "They haven't been lost; they've been appropriately reacting to the peace and calm that we've been blessed with by having oceans on both sides. This is the new reality, and that's why the big shock."
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Ellie Avitan, 24, a human resources professional in Manhattan, believes Americans are more naive about the challenges of facing terrorism than are Israelis. Holding dual citizenship, she has lived in both countries. Last year Avitan left Jerusalem to escape the escalation of violence there under the Second Intifada, or Palestinian uprising.
Chronic violence in the Middle East has made Israelis more realistic about the difficulty of ending terror and eradicating terrorist networks, according to Avitan. "They understand that as hard as their Secret Service works, they're not going to catch all the terrorists, that it's very complex, that even if they do catch all the terrorists, new ones will spring," she said.
, http://www.100md.com
Avitan noted there is also a universal coping response to terrorism that she saw played out in New York City over the last few weeks, and also in Jerusalem after suicide bomb attacks on the Mechane Yehuda, a food market in center of the city.
After a given site is attacked, she explained, "the first week, no one comes back. No one comes back. Yet, by the second week, things have picked up." And a few weeks later, she said, people return to their normal lives.
, 百拇医药
Maintaining a usual routine can help people to cope with the trauma of a terrorist attack, the American Psychological Association notes in its "Coping with Terrorism" fact sheet.
A quick return to work helped research analyst Zeke Diwan, 27, deal with the days after the attacks on the World Trade Center, which had been located a few blocks from his Salomon Smith Barney office.
Diwan, who has friends who escaped those buildings and one who did not, said returning to his job on September 14 "helped me get my mind off things, and I think a lot of people are like that."
, http://www.100md.com
Responding normally in the aftermath of terrorism has to be evaluated in context, he suggested, noting that the average trading desk has a running battery of jokes, all "collegiate" in humor. But for the last few weeks, his sales and trading unit at Salomon has not had "necessarily a jovial atmosphere," Diwan said.
Other forms of dealing with the attacks are also in evidence, including discrimination against South Asians, he noted.
"I've actually had a bit at this point," said Diwan, whose Hindu parents emigrated from New Delhi and, before that, Pakistan., http://www.100md.com
"You can make plans, and you can take care," Karson noted. But how a person fares in the aftermath of terror has more to do with individual nature than circumstance, he added.
Based on his work of the last five decades, Karson thinks certain personalities are primed to seek out risk, while others have little tolerance for anxiety, making them less able to deal with stress, whether caused by bombings or the regular noise of city life.
, http://www.100md.com
"We're programmed as to the level of voltage that we can withstand or think we can withstand," he said.
The media can fan the public's fears, Karson asserted, and add to the anxiety of those already prone to edginess.
Asked whether the US has been lost in a kind of fortunate fantasy, the psychologist said no. "They haven't been lost; they've been appropriately reacting to the peace and calm that we've been blessed with by having oceans on both sides. This is the new reality, and that's why the big shock."
, 百拇医药
Ellie Avitan, 24, a human resources professional in Manhattan, believes Americans are more naive about the challenges of facing terrorism than are Israelis. Holding dual citizenship, she has lived in both countries. Last year Avitan left Jerusalem to escape the escalation of violence there under the Second Intifada, or Palestinian uprising.
Chronic violence in the Middle East has made Israelis more realistic about the difficulty of ending terror and eradicating terrorist networks, according to Avitan. "They understand that as hard as their Secret Service works, they're not going to catch all the terrorists, that it's very complex, that even if they do catch all the terrorists, new ones will spring," she said.
, http://www.100md.com
Avitan noted there is also a universal coping response to terrorism that she saw played out in New York City over the last few weeks, and also in Jerusalem after suicide bomb attacks on the Mechane Yehuda, a food market in center of the city.
After a given site is attacked, she explained, "the first week, no one comes back. No one comes back. Yet, by the second week, things have picked up." And a few weeks later, she said, people return to their normal lives.
, 百拇医药
Maintaining a usual routine can help people to cope with the trauma of a terrorist attack, the American Psychological Association notes in its "Coping with Terrorism" fact sheet.
A quick return to work helped research analyst Zeke Diwan, 27, deal with the days after the attacks on the World Trade Center, which had been located a few blocks from his Salomon Smith Barney office.
Diwan, who has friends who escaped those buildings and one who did not, said returning to his job on September 14 "helped me get my mind off things, and I think a lot of people are like that."
, http://www.100md.com
Responding normally in the aftermath of terrorism has to be evaluated in context, he suggested, noting that the average trading desk has a running battery of jokes, all "collegiate" in humor. But for the last few weeks, his sales and trading unit at Salomon has not had "necessarily a jovial atmosphere," Diwan said.
Other forms of dealing with the attacks are also in evidence, including discrimination against South Asians, he noted.
"I've actually had a bit at this point," said Diwan, whose Hindu parents emigrated from New Delhi and, before that, Pakistan., http://www.100md.com