评价行为，多数人对己宽，对人严
路透社纽约健康消息 一般来说，人们总会觉得自己比较和善、大方且处事公正，即使是少数私心较重的人也会这样想。其实，研究表明这些人的想法多数都是自欺欺人。根据对美国康奈尔大学学生的4项研究发现，一般人都会高估自己，认为自己的道德水平比周围人要高，但是他们对别人的判断却是相当准确的。
学生们能很好是评价他们的同学会否有无私的行为，但对自已的评价却显得有些不切实际。研究员分别测试了不同组别学生的自我感觉、对别人的印象以及他们的感觉是否与其行为相符。例如, 学生们被要求预测自己是否会至少买一朵花以用于慈善事业，同时也预测他们的同学会多少愿意为慈善事业花钱。
结果显示，平均83%的学生自认为自己会买花来用于慈善事业，但是他们却估计自已的同学中只有56%的人会这么做。当真的需要他们付钱时，只有一半声称自己愿意买一朵花的学生是言出必行的。然而，他们对其同学的预测却接近现实。在4项研究中都观察到这一现象。
, 百拇医药
研究员解释说，当一个人估计别人将做什么时，他是根据他所见到的“一般人”的形像去推测。当一个人评定自己时，他会自然地倾向于“编造故事”来为自己过去的不良行为找借口，让别人把注意力都集中在他所做的好事上。
这并不是说有这种想法的人一无是处，其实很多人确实行为崇高乐于助人。不过，一个人如果过份看重自己就会对他人判断过于苛刻。正如学生对其同学的道德品格过份讽刺时，他们往往是说到要点上了，却过份夸大了自己的优点。过高估计自己就不可能把自己放在适当的位置上，你可能同样作了某些在你眼中他人所做的不道德的事情。
该文章发表在去年12月份的《个性和社会心理学杂志》上。
来源：《个性和社会心理学杂志》2000;79:861-875
People Really Do Think They‘re Better Than They Are
, 百拇医药
NEW YORK (Reuters Health) -- In general, people see themselves as kind, generous and fair--even a step above the less-altruistic masses. And a lot of these people are fooling themselves, new research suggests.
Researchers have consistently found that the average person considers his moral character to be stronger than his neighbor‘s. One question has been whether these ``holier-than-thou‘‘ types are underestimating others or overestimating themselves. Four new studies of Cornell University students suggest it is the latter.
, 百拇医药
``People consistently overestimate themselves, but they‘re pretty accurate about others,‘‘ David Dunning, a professor of psychology at the Ithaca, New York, university told Reuters Health.
In several experiments, Dunning and colleague Nicholas Epley found that while students did a fine job of predicting whether their classmates would act selflessly, they painted unrealistic portraits of themselves. The researchers report their findings in the December issue of the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
, 百拇医药
Dunning and Epley had different groups of students participate in experiments that tested how they perceived themselves and others, and whether these perceptions matched their actions. For example, students were asked to predict whether they would buy at least one flower in order to benefit a charity. They also predicted what percentage of their peers would fork over the cash.
While 83% said they would buy a flower, they thought far less of their peers--on average, students said 56% of their classmates would donate to the charity. When it came time to put their money where their mouths were, however, only half of the students who said they would buy a flower did so. On the other hand, their predictions about their classmates were close to reality. This pattern was consistent across the four studies.
, http://www.100md.com
When it comes to predicting what others will do, Dunning explained, people necessarily draw upon what they have observed of the ``average‘‘ person. When people have to assess themselves, he said, they tend to ``spin stories‘‘ that help them excuse their past transgressions and focus on the good things have done.
Dunning said he was surprised by the accuracy of the students‘ predictions for others. While he thought the students would be overly cynical about their peers‘ moral character, they turned out to be on the mark. Instead, they overinflated themselves.
, http://www.100md.com
That is not to say people are no good deep down. ``A lot of people,‘‘ Dunning noted, ``do act in moral and altruistic ways.‘‘
But a person who puts too much stock in himself may too harshly judge others. The ``cost of overestimating yourself,‘‘ Dunning said, is not realizing that had you been in a certain situation, you might have done the same thing you consider immoral in others.
``Most of us,‘‘ he said, ``are pretty typical.‘‘
SOURCE: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2000;79:861-875., 百拇医药
学生们能很好是评价他们的同学会否有无私的行为，但对自已的评价却显得有些不切实际。研究员分别测试了不同组别学生的自我感觉、对别人的印象以及他们的感觉是否与其行为相符。例如, 学生们被要求预测自己是否会至少买一朵花以用于慈善事业，同时也预测他们的同学会多少愿意为慈善事业花钱。
结果显示，平均83%的学生自认为自己会买花来用于慈善事业，但是他们却估计自已的同学中只有56%的人会这么做。当真的需要他们付钱时，只有一半声称自己愿意买一朵花的学生是言出必行的。然而，他们对其同学的预测却接近现实。在4项研究中都观察到这一现象。
, 百拇医药
研究员解释说，当一个人估计别人将做什么时，他是根据他所见到的“一般人”的形像去推测。当一个人评定自己时，他会自然地倾向于“编造故事”来为自己过去的不良行为找借口，让别人把注意力都集中在他所做的好事上。
这并不是说有这种想法的人一无是处，其实很多人确实行为崇高乐于助人。不过，一个人如果过份看重自己就会对他人判断过于苛刻。正如学生对其同学的道德品格过份讽刺时，他们往往是说到要点上了，却过份夸大了自己的优点。过高估计自己就不可能把自己放在适当的位置上，你可能同样作了某些在你眼中他人所做的不道德的事情。
该文章发表在去年12月份的《个性和社会心理学杂志》上。
来源：《个性和社会心理学杂志》2000;79:861-875
People Really Do Think They‘re Better Than They Are
, 百拇医药
NEW YORK (Reuters Health) -- In general, people see themselves as kind, generous and fair--even a step above the less-altruistic masses. And a lot of these people are fooling themselves, new research suggests.
Researchers have consistently found that the average person considers his moral character to be stronger than his neighbor‘s. One question has been whether these ``holier-than-thou‘‘ types are underestimating others or overestimating themselves. Four new studies of Cornell University students suggest it is the latter.
, 百拇医药
``People consistently overestimate themselves, but they‘re pretty accurate about others,‘‘ David Dunning, a professor of psychology at the Ithaca, New York, university told Reuters Health.
In several experiments, Dunning and colleague Nicholas Epley found that while students did a fine job of predicting whether their classmates would act selflessly, they painted unrealistic portraits of themselves. The researchers report their findings in the December issue of the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
, 百拇医药
Dunning and Epley had different groups of students participate in experiments that tested how they perceived themselves and others, and whether these perceptions matched their actions. For example, students were asked to predict whether they would buy at least one flower in order to benefit a charity. They also predicted what percentage of their peers would fork over the cash.
While 83% said they would buy a flower, they thought far less of their peers--on average, students said 56% of their classmates would donate to the charity. When it came time to put their money where their mouths were, however, only half of the students who said they would buy a flower did so. On the other hand, their predictions about their classmates were close to reality. This pattern was consistent across the four studies.
, http://www.100md.com
When it comes to predicting what others will do, Dunning explained, people necessarily draw upon what they have observed of the ``average‘‘ person. When people have to assess themselves, he said, they tend to ``spin stories‘‘ that help them excuse their past transgressions and focus on the good things have done.
Dunning said he was surprised by the accuracy of the students‘ predictions for others. While he thought the students would be overly cynical about their peers‘ moral character, they turned out to be on the mark. Instead, they overinflated themselves.
, http://www.100md.com
That is not to say people are no good deep down. ``A lot of people,‘‘ Dunning noted, ``do act in moral and altruistic ways.‘‘
But a person who puts too much stock in himself may too harshly judge others. The ``cost of overestimating yourself,‘‘ Dunning said, is not realizing that had you been in a certain situation, you might have done the same thing you consider immoral in others.
``Most of us,‘‘ he said, ``are pretty typical.‘‘
SOURCE: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2000;79:861-875., 百拇医药