睡不够 记忆差!
路透社纽约健康消息 研究人员最近发现，睡眠对于维持某种类型的记忆是很重要的。因此，常常熬夜和失眠的人会失去宝贵的学习时间。
据发表在近期《自然神经科学》上的2篇文章报导，良好的夜间睡眠能帮助人们记忆他们白天所学到的东西。研究者在试验中发现，与被剥夺睡眠的对照组相比，休息良好的受试者能更加熟练地掌握新技能，学习新技能后的第一个晚上睡眠是记忆形成的关键。
美国马萨诸塞州波士顿哈佛医学院的研究人员做了一项研究，他们让一组健康的年轻人学习区分计算机屏幕上不同背景的图像。其中一组允许在试验当晚象往常一样进行正常夜间睡眠，另外一组当天晚上不睡觉。此后两个晚上允许两组人按自己的需求进行睡眠，然后再进行测试。结果发现，第一组人的技能得到改善，第二组人却未见改善。这提示其后的睡眠并不能弥补那重要的第一晚丧失的睡眠。缺乏睡眠看来并没有让受试者忘记他们所学过的东西，但是他们似乎错过了通过睡眠来帮助大脑将信息转化成持久记忆的时间。
, http://www.100md.com
德国鲁贝克医科大学的研究小组发现：睡眠早期对学习特别重要。受试者的技能在3个小时的“早期”睡眠后得到改善，这一睡眠时相即是大家所知的慢波睡眠；当受试者仅进行“后期”睡眠(REM)时，技能则没有提高；当受试者整个晚上都得到休息时，技能提高程度最大。
看来睡眠的所有时相都在发挥着各自不同的微妙作用，得不到休息或缩短夜间睡眠就象整夜失眠一样糟糕。新获取的信息只有被转变成可用的一种形式才能长期储存，睡眠可以帮助人们“处理超载的信息”。当身体处于休眠状态时，大脑就忙于形成与记忆有关的连接。因此，失眠和睡眠不足可能影响所有类型记忆的形成。
目前关于记忆的形成尚有许多不解之谜，这两项研究仅仅是摸到了冰山之一角。
来源：《自然神经科学》2000;3:1237-1238, 1335-1339
Sleepy Brains Have Trouble Forming Memories
, 百拇医药
NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Night owls and insomniacs are missing out on precious learning time, it seems. Researchers have found that sleep is vital to holding on to certain types of memory.
According to two reports in the December issue of Nature Neuroscience, getting a good night‘s sleep helps people retain some of what they learned that day. In experiments, investigators found that well-rested study participants were more adept at picking up new skills than their sleep-deprived counterparts were. Catching some Z‘s on the first night after learning the skills turned out to be crucial.
, http://www.100md.com
In one study, researchers at Harvard Medical School (news - web sites) in Boston, Massachusetts, had healthy young people learn a task in which they had to distinguish visual targets set in a distracting background on a computer screen. One group was allowed to sleep as normal the night after the test, while the other group stayed awake through the first night and day after learning the task. They were then allowed to sleep as long as they wanted during the next 2 nights before being re-tested.
, 百拇医药
This second series of tests revealed that while the first group‘s skills had improved, those who got no sleep the first night showed no improvement. This indicates that people cannot make up for that critical night of sleep by sleeping late on other days, Dr. Robert Stickgold told Reuters Health.
Sleep loss did not appear to make study participants forget what they learned, he noted. Instead, they seemed to miss out on a window of time in which sleep helps the brain mold information into lasting memories.
, http://www.100md.com
Sleep, Stickgold said, helps people ``deal with information overload.‘‘ A growing body of research is showing that during the body‘s dormant state, the brain is busy establishing connections that lay down memories.
``There has to be a transformation of information to a form where it can be useful,‘‘ Stickgold said. The type of memory his team tested is known as procedural memory--the type used in learning to play a piano or hit a baseball.
, http://www.100md.com
Other researchers, at the Medical University of Lubeck in Germany, found that the early stages of sleep were particularly important to learning. Steffen Gais and his colleagues found that study participants‘ skills improved after 3 hours of ‘‘early‘‘ sleep--known as slow-wave sleep. Skills did not improve when participants got only ``late‘‘ (REM) sleep. However, improvements were greatest when participants got a full night‘s rest.
This, according to Gais and colleagues, suggests that while early sleep is essential to memory formation, later stages are also involved.
, http://www.100md.com
``It looks like all stages play subtly different roles,‘‘ Stickgold said. This is why a restless or shortened night‘s sleep is as bad as a sleepless night. Moreover, Stickgold noted, sleeplessness likely affects all types of memory formation.
``We‘re only touching the tip of the iceberg with this research,‘‘ he added.
SOURCE: Nature Neuroscience 2000;3:1237-1238, 1335-1339., http://www.100md.com
据发表在近期《自然神经科学》上的2篇文章报导，良好的夜间睡眠能帮助人们记忆他们白天所学到的东西。研究者在试验中发现，与被剥夺睡眠的对照组相比，休息良好的受试者能更加熟练地掌握新技能，学习新技能后的第一个晚上睡眠是记忆形成的关键。
美国马萨诸塞州波士顿哈佛医学院的研究人员做了一项研究，他们让一组健康的年轻人学习区分计算机屏幕上不同背景的图像。其中一组允许在试验当晚象往常一样进行正常夜间睡眠，另外一组当天晚上不睡觉。此后两个晚上允许两组人按自己的需求进行睡眠，然后再进行测试。结果发现，第一组人的技能得到改善，第二组人却未见改善。这提示其后的睡眠并不能弥补那重要的第一晚丧失的睡眠。缺乏睡眠看来并没有让受试者忘记他们所学过的东西，但是他们似乎错过了通过睡眠来帮助大脑将信息转化成持久记忆的时间。
, http://www.100md.com
德国鲁贝克医科大学的研究小组发现：睡眠早期对学习特别重要。受试者的技能在3个小时的“早期”睡眠后得到改善，这一睡眠时相即是大家所知的慢波睡眠；当受试者仅进行“后期”睡眠(REM)时，技能则没有提高；当受试者整个晚上都得到休息时，技能提高程度最大。
看来睡眠的所有时相都在发挥着各自不同的微妙作用，得不到休息或缩短夜间睡眠就象整夜失眠一样糟糕。新获取的信息只有被转变成可用的一种形式才能长期储存，睡眠可以帮助人们“处理超载的信息”。当身体处于休眠状态时，大脑就忙于形成与记忆有关的连接。因此，失眠和睡眠不足可能影响所有类型记忆的形成。
目前关于记忆的形成尚有许多不解之谜，这两项研究仅仅是摸到了冰山之一角。
来源：《自然神经科学》2000;3:1237-1238, 1335-1339
Sleepy Brains Have Trouble Forming Memories
, 百拇医药
NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Night owls and insomniacs are missing out on precious learning time, it seems. Researchers have found that sleep is vital to holding on to certain types of memory.
According to two reports in the December issue of Nature Neuroscience, getting a good night‘s sleep helps people retain some of what they learned that day. In experiments, investigators found that well-rested study participants were more adept at picking up new skills than their sleep-deprived counterparts were. Catching some Z‘s on the first night after learning the skills turned out to be crucial.
, http://www.100md.com
In one study, researchers at Harvard Medical School (news - web sites) in Boston, Massachusetts, had healthy young people learn a task in which they had to distinguish visual targets set in a distracting background on a computer screen. One group was allowed to sleep as normal the night after the test, while the other group stayed awake through the first night and day after learning the task. They were then allowed to sleep as long as they wanted during the next 2 nights before being re-tested.
, 百拇医药
This second series of tests revealed that while the first group‘s skills had improved, those who got no sleep the first night showed no improvement. This indicates that people cannot make up for that critical night of sleep by sleeping late on other days, Dr. Robert Stickgold told Reuters Health.
Sleep loss did not appear to make study participants forget what they learned, he noted. Instead, they seemed to miss out on a window of time in which sleep helps the brain mold information into lasting memories.
, http://www.100md.com
Sleep, Stickgold said, helps people ``deal with information overload.‘‘ A growing body of research is showing that during the body‘s dormant state, the brain is busy establishing connections that lay down memories.
``There has to be a transformation of information to a form where it can be useful,‘‘ Stickgold said. The type of memory his team tested is known as procedural memory--the type used in learning to play a piano or hit a baseball.
, http://www.100md.com
Other researchers, at the Medical University of Lubeck in Germany, found that the early stages of sleep were particularly important to learning. Steffen Gais and his colleagues found that study participants‘ skills improved after 3 hours of ‘‘early‘‘ sleep--known as slow-wave sleep. Skills did not improve when participants got only ``late‘‘ (REM) sleep. However, improvements were greatest when participants got a full night‘s rest.
This, according to Gais and colleagues, suggests that while early sleep is essential to memory formation, later stages are also involved.
, http://www.100md.com
``It looks like all stages play subtly different roles,‘‘ Stickgold said. This is why a restless or shortened night‘s sleep is as bad as a sleepless night. Moreover, Stickgold noted, sleeplessness likely affects all types of memory formation.
``We‘re only touching the tip of the iceberg with this research,‘‘ he added.
SOURCE: Nature Neuroscience 2000;3:1237-1238, 1335-1339., http://www.100md.com