孩子调皮捣蛋 根源在家不在校
路透社纽约健康消息 一项关于小孩为什么会淘气的研究结果可能会令这些问题儿童的父母不太高兴。该研究证实，孩童时期的家庭环境对孩子入学后是否会调皮捣蛋起着主要的影响作用。
根据发表在一月份《美国青少年精神疾病杂志》上一篇来自匹兹堡的报导，研究员对310名童从婴儿期一直跟踪调查到他们六岁。这些儿童都来自宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡的低收入家庭，其中一半以上是白人，36%是黑人，其余是西班牙裔或其他种族。研究员在研究中考虑了父母和老师对孩子行为的看法以及父母与子女之间的关系。
结果发现，儿童在家庭中所受的教育类型对他们将来在学校的表现有很大的影响。如果母亲社会地位较低、情绪低落或有不正确的教子观念，儿童通常会有行为问题。而且，在一个不好的邻里环境中生活的家庭，孩子也很可能会有破坏性行为的倾向。
匹兹堡大学研究员丹尼尔认为，出生在环境不好的家庭的孩子很可能会有行为不端，但这些孩子的父母并不是命中注定要生出调皮倒蛋的孩子的。防止孩子有不良行为的最好方法是父母要以身作则，品行端正。当孩子做错事的时候，不要总是摆出一副家长的姿态来，要保持冷静。丹尼尔还鼓励觉得有压力的家长，在条件允许的情况下要寻求心理咨询。但实际上，这对很多穷人来说是不现实的，即使有心理咨询的服务，也不是很方便。
, 百拇医药
这一期杂志的另一篇报导指出，许多有行为问题的儿童表现为既有欺凌弱小和在课堂上捣乱的不良行为，又有焦虑和消沉等心理问题。注意力不能集中或多动症和外伤后压力综合征，这些疾病症状都差不多，这给医生和儿童行为问题健康专家的诊断带来了困难。
同匹兹堡的研究结果类似的是，该研究也认为，家长和子女之间的相互关系的确是同孩子行为和心理问题相关的最重要因素。
Behavior Problems Often Begin at Home
NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Parents of unruly children may not like the sound of new research results on why children misbehave.
The study findings add to growing evidence that the home environment in early childhood has a major impact on whether children ``act out‘‘ when they start school.
, 百拇医药
In a study of boys who were followed from infancy to age 6, the type of care they received at home affected the likelihood that they would have discipline problems in school, according to a report in the January issue of the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. The conclusions were based on 310 low-income boys living in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. A little more than half of the children were white, 36% were African American, and the rest were Hispanic or from another ethnic background.
, 百拇医药
The researchers took into account parents‘ and teachers‘ reports of children‘s behavior. In addition, the investigators observed parent-child interactions.
In an interview with Reuters Health, the study‘s lead author, Dr. Daniel S. Shaw, of the University of Pittsburgh, said that some children are born with a negative outlook that makes them more likely to misbehave. But he stressed that parents of these children are not doomed to having unruly tots.
, 百拇医药
The best way to prevent a child from acting out, according to Shaw, is ``to have your own mental health in shape.‘‘
When a child misbehaves, it is important to stay as calm as possible, Shaw explained. ``If you can‘t, that‘s a problem,‘‘ he noted.
``You may not be taking care of yourself as a parent,‘‘ Shaw said.
He and his colleagues found that behavior problems were common in children whose mothers were depressed, had poor social support systems or who had a negative style of child rearing.
, 百拇医药
Shaw encouraged parents who feel stressed out to seek out counseling if possible. Unfortunately, adequate mental healthcare is not available for many poor people, he pointed out. And when it is available, it is not always convenient for parents, he said.
But all of the blame for unruly children should not fall on parents, according to Shaw. Living in a dangerous neighborhood affects the likelihood that a child would display disruptive behavior, the report indicates.
, 百拇医药
In another study appearing in the same journal, researchers report that many children with behavior problems display a mix of externalizing behaviors, such as bullying and misbehaving in class, and internalizing behaviors including anxiety and depression.
Unfortunately for doctors and other health professionals who treat children with behavior problems, symptoms were similar among children with different disorders, like attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and traumatic stress disorder, report researchers led by Dr. Jean M. Thomas of Children‘s National Medical Center in Washington, DC. This makes diagnosing child behavior disorders difficult, the authors note.
And in a finding similar to the results of the Pittsburgh study, this study also suggests ``that the quality of the parent-child relationship is, indeed, an important risk factor associated with the presentation of internalizing and externalizing symptoms,‘‘ Thomas and colleagues write., 百拇医药
根据发表在一月份《美国青少年精神疾病杂志》上一篇来自匹兹堡的报导，研究员对310名童从婴儿期一直跟踪调查到他们六岁。这些儿童都来自宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡的低收入家庭，其中一半以上是白人，36%是黑人，其余是西班牙裔或其他种族。研究员在研究中考虑了父母和老师对孩子行为的看法以及父母与子女之间的关系。
结果发现，儿童在家庭中所受的教育类型对他们将来在学校的表现有很大的影响。如果母亲社会地位较低、情绪低落或有不正确的教子观念，儿童通常会有行为问题。而且，在一个不好的邻里环境中生活的家庭，孩子也很可能会有破坏性行为的倾向。
匹兹堡大学研究员丹尼尔认为，出生在环境不好的家庭的孩子很可能会有行为不端，但这些孩子的父母并不是命中注定要生出调皮倒蛋的孩子的。防止孩子有不良行为的最好方法是父母要以身作则，品行端正。当孩子做错事的时候，不要总是摆出一副家长的姿态来，要保持冷静。丹尼尔还鼓励觉得有压力的家长，在条件允许的情况下要寻求心理咨询。但实际上，这对很多穷人来说是不现实的，即使有心理咨询的服务，也不是很方便。
, 百拇医药
这一期杂志的另一篇报导指出，许多有行为问题的儿童表现为既有欺凌弱小和在课堂上捣乱的不良行为，又有焦虑和消沉等心理问题。注意力不能集中或多动症和外伤后压力综合征，这些疾病症状都差不多，这给医生和儿童行为问题健康专家的诊断带来了困难。
同匹兹堡的研究结果类似的是，该研究也认为，家长和子女之间的相互关系的确是同孩子行为和心理问题相关的最重要因素。
Behavior Problems Often Begin at Home
NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Parents of unruly children may not like the sound of new research results on why children misbehave.
The study findings add to growing evidence that the home environment in early childhood has a major impact on whether children ``act out‘‘ when they start school.
, 百拇医药
In a study of boys who were followed from infancy to age 6, the type of care they received at home affected the likelihood that they would have discipline problems in school, according to a report in the January issue of the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. The conclusions were based on 310 low-income boys living in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. A little more than half of the children were white, 36% were African American, and the rest were Hispanic or from another ethnic background.
, 百拇医药
The researchers took into account parents‘ and teachers‘ reports of children‘s behavior. In addition, the investigators observed parent-child interactions.
In an interview with Reuters Health, the study‘s lead author, Dr. Daniel S. Shaw, of the University of Pittsburgh, said that some children are born with a negative outlook that makes them more likely to misbehave. But he stressed that parents of these children are not doomed to having unruly tots.
, 百拇医药
The best way to prevent a child from acting out, according to Shaw, is ``to have your own mental health in shape.‘‘
When a child misbehaves, it is important to stay as calm as possible, Shaw explained. ``If you can‘t, that‘s a problem,‘‘ he noted.
``You may not be taking care of yourself as a parent,‘‘ Shaw said.
He and his colleagues found that behavior problems were common in children whose mothers were depressed, had poor social support systems or who had a negative style of child rearing.
, 百拇医药
Shaw encouraged parents who feel stressed out to seek out counseling if possible. Unfortunately, adequate mental healthcare is not available for many poor people, he pointed out. And when it is available, it is not always convenient for parents, he said.
But all of the blame for unruly children should not fall on parents, according to Shaw. Living in a dangerous neighborhood affects the likelihood that a child would display disruptive behavior, the report indicates.
, 百拇医药
In another study appearing in the same journal, researchers report that many children with behavior problems display a mix of externalizing behaviors, such as bullying and misbehaving in class, and internalizing behaviors including anxiety and depression.
Unfortunately for doctors and other health professionals who treat children with behavior problems, symptoms were similar among children with different disorders, like attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and traumatic stress disorder, report researchers led by Dr. Jean M. Thomas of Children‘s National Medical Center in Washington, DC. This makes diagnosing child behavior disorders difficult, the authors note.
And in a finding similar to the results of the Pittsburgh study, this study also suggests ``that the quality of the parent-child relationship is, indeed, an important risk factor associated with the presentation of internalizing and externalizing symptoms,‘‘ Thomas and colleagues write., 百拇医药