17-心理治疗.ppt
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参见附件(1937kb)。
Myers' PSYCHOLOGY
Chapter 17
Therapy
History of Treatment
Therapy
* Psychotherapy
* an emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained therapist and someone who suffers from psychological difficulties
* Eclectic Approach
* an approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client's problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy
Therapy- Psychoanalysis
* Psychoanalysis
* Freud believed the patient's free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences - and the therapist's interpretations of them - released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight
* use has rapidly decreased in recent years
* Resistance
* blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material
Therapy- Psychoanalysis
* Interpretation
* the analyst's noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors in order to promote insight
* Transference
* the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships
* e.g. love or hatred for a parent
Humanistic Therapy
* Client-Centered Therapy
* humanistic therapy developed by Carl Rogers
* therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients' growth
Humanistic Therapy
* Active Listening-empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies
Behavior Therapy
* Behavior Therapy
* therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors
* Counterconditioning
* procedure that conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors
* based on classical conditioning
* includes systematic desensitization and aversive conditioning
Behavior Therapy
* Exposure Therapy
* treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or reality) to the things they fear and avoid
Behavior Therapy
* Systematic Desensitization
* type of counterconditioning
* associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli
* commonly used to treat phobias
* Aversive Conditioning
* type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior
* nausea ---> alcohol
Behavior Therapy
* Systematic Desensitization
Behavior Therapy
* Aversion therapy for alcoholics
Behavior Therapy
* Token Economy
* an operant conditioning procedure that rewards desired behavior
* patient exchanges a token of some sort, earned for exhibiting the desired behavior, for various privileges or treats
Cognitive Therapy
* Cognitive Therapy
* teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting
* based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions
Cognitive Therapy
* The Cognitive Revolution ......
Myers' PSYCHOLOGY
Chapter 17
Therapy
History of Treatment
Therapy
* Psychotherapy
* an emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained therapist and someone who suffers from psychological difficulties
* Eclectic Approach
* an approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client's problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy
Therapy- Psychoanalysis
* Psychoanalysis
* Freud believed the patient's free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences - and the therapist's interpretations of them - released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight
* use has rapidly decreased in recent years
* Resistance
* blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material
Therapy- Psychoanalysis
* Interpretation
* the analyst's noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors in order to promote insight
* Transference
* the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships
* e.g. love or hatred for a parent
Humanistic Therapy
* Client-Centered Therapy
* humanistic therapy developed by Carl Rogers
* therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients' growth
Humanistic Therapy
* Active Listening-empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies
Behavior Therapy
* Behavior Therapy
* therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors
* Counterconditioning
* procedure that conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors
* based on classical conditioning
* includes systematic desensitization and aversive conditioning
Behavior Therapy
* Exposure Therapy
* treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or reality) to the things they fear and avoid
Behavior Therapy
* Systematic Desensitization
* type of counterconditioning
* associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli
* commonly used to treat phobias
* Aversive Conditioning
* type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior
* nausea ---> alcohol
Behavior Therapy
* Systematic Desensitization
Behavior Therapy
* Aversion therapy for alcoholics
Behavior Therapy
* Token Economy
* an operant conditioning procedure that rewards desired behavior
* patient exchanges a token of some sort, earned for exhibiting the desired behavior, for various privileges or treats
Cognitive Therapy
* Cognitive Therapy
* teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting
* based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions
Cognitive Therapy
* The Cognitive Revolution ......
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