04-人的发展.ppt
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Myers' PSYCHOLOGY
Chapter 4
Developing Through the Life Span
Prenatal Development and the Newborn
* Developmental Psychology
* a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive and social change throughout the life span
Prenatal Development and the Newborn
Prenatal Development and the Newborn
* Zygote
* the fertilized egg
* enters a 2 week period of rapid cell division
* develops into an embryo
* Embryo
* the developing human organism from 2 weeks through 2nd month
* Fetus
* the developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth
Prenatal Development and the Newborn
40 days 45 days 2 months 4 months
Prenatal Development and the Newborn
* Teratogens
* agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm
* Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
* physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman's heavy drinking
* symptoms include misproportioned head
Prenatal Development and the Newborn
* Rooting Reflex
* tendency to open mouth, and search for nipple when touched on the cheek
* Preferences
* human voices and faces
* facelike images-->
* smell and sound of mother preferred
Prenatal Development and the Newborn
* Habituation
* decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation
Prenatal Development and the Newborn
Infancy and Childhood: Physical Development
* Maturation
* biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior
* relatively uninfluenced by experience
Infancy and Childhood: Physical Development
* Babies only 3 months old can learn that kicking moves a mobile--and can retain that learning for a month (Rovee-Collier, 1989, 1997).
Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development
* Schema
* a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information
* Assimilation
* interpreting one's new experience in terms of one's existing schemas
Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development
* Accommodation
* adapting one's current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information
* Cognition
* All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development
Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development
* Object Permanence
* the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived
Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development
* Baby Mathematics
* Shown a numerically impossible outcome, infants stare longer (Wynn, 1992)
Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development
* Conservation
* the principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects
Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development
* Egocentrism ......
Myers' PSYCHOLOGY
Chapter 4
Developing Through the Life Span
Prenatal Development and the Newborn
* Developmental Psychology
* a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive and social change throughout the life span
Prenatal Development and the Newborn
Prenatal Development and the Newborn
* Zygote
* the fertilized egg
* enters a 2 week period of rapid cell division
* develops into an embryo
* Embryo
* the developing human organism from 2 weeks through 2nd month
* Fetus
* the developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth
Prenatal Development and the Newborn
40 days 45 days 2 months 4 months
Prenatal Development and the Newborn
* Teratogens
* agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm
* Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
* physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman's heavy drinking
* symptoms include misproportioned head
Prenatal Development and the Newborn
* Rooting Reflex
* tendency to open mouth, and search for nipple when touched on the cheek
* Preferences
* human voices and faces
* facelike images-->
* smell and sound of mother preferred
Prenatal Development and the Newborn
* Habituation
* decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation
Prenatal Development and the Newborn
Infancy and Childhood: Physical Development
* Maturation
* biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior
* relatively uninfluenced by experience
Infancy and Childhood: Physical Development
* Babies only 3 months old can learn that kicking moves a mobile--and can retain that learning for a month (Rovee-Collier, 1989, 1997).
Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development
* Schema
* a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information
* Assimilation
* interpreting one's new experience in terms of one's existing schemas
Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development
* Accommodation
* adapting one's current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information
* Cognition
* All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development
Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development
* Object Permanence
* the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived
Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development
* Baby Mathematics
* Shown a numerically impossible outcome, infants stare longer (Wynn, 1992)
Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development
* Conservation
* the principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects
Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development
* Egocentrism ......
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