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奥曲肽预防ERCP术后高淀粉酶血症及胰腺炎的疗效
http://www.100md.com 《世界华人消化杂志》 1998年第7期
     作者:李兆申 钱煦岱 许国铭 孙振兴 邹晓平 谢苏庆

    单位:

    关键词:奥曲肽/治疗应用;胰胆管造影术,内窥镜逆行;胰腺炎/预防和控制;胰腺炎/血液;淀粉酶类/血液

    华人消化杂志/980723Preventive effect of octreotide on hyperamylasemia and pancreatitis after ERCP

    LI Zhao-Shen1, QIAN Xi-Dai2, XU Guo-Ming1, SUN Zhen-Xing1, ZOU Xiao-Ping1 and XIE Su-Qing1

    1Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
, 百拇医药
    2Department of Internal Medicine, Second People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang Province, China

    Subject headings octreotide/therapeutic use; cholangiopanceatography, endoscopic retrograde; pancreatitis/prevention and control; pancreatitis/blood; amylases/blood

    Abstract

    AIM To study the preventive effect of octreotide (sandostadin) on the hyperamylasemia and pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopanceatography(ERCP).
, 百拇医药
    METHODS ERCP patients (167) received either octreotide (0.1mg, SC, before and 4h after ERCP) or isotonic saline (109) as placebo. The mean concentration of serum amylase at 2 and 24h after ERCP was measured in all patients, and the abdominal pain and pancreatitis after ERCP were also observed in all patients.

    RESULTS The mean concentration of serum amylase (U/L) at 2 and 24h post was 246±224 and 252±291 in the preventive group, and 499±597 and 466±559 (P<0.01) in the control group. Acute pancreatitis occurred in 9 cases (8.3%) of the control group and in 7 cases (4.2%) of preventive group after ERCP (P<0.01). The mean concentration of serum amylase and number of pancreatitis after ERCP were significantly lower in the preventive group than that in the control group (P<0.01).
, 百拇医药
    CONCLUSION Octreotide used pre- and post-ERCP can prevent effectively hyperamylasemia and acute pancreatitis after ERCP.

    中国图书资料分类号 R576.01 R576.021

    摘 要

    目的 探讨奥曲肽对内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)术后高淀粉酶血症及胰腺炎的预防作用.

    方法 行ERCP患者276例,随机分为两组:预防组167例,分别于术前30min及术后4h内sc奥曲肽0.1mg;对照组109例,ERCP术前后分别予生理盐水1mL sc. 两组患者术前后均不用其他任何抑制胰腺分泌及预防胰腺炎药物. 并分别于术前、术后2h,24h作血清淀粉酶测定,同时观察胰腺炎的发生情况.
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    结果 预防组ERCP术后2h,24h血淀粉酶(U/L)分别为246±224和252±291;明显低于对照组(499±597和466±559,P<0.01);预防组发生胰腺炎7例(4.2%),对照组发生9例(8.3%,P<0.01).

    结论 小剂量奥曲肽能有效地预防ERCP术后的高淀粉酶血症及胰腺炎.

    0 引言

    内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)是肝胆胰疾病诊治的重要手段之一,开展20+a来,国内外已广泛应用于临床. 但ERCP术后引起的并发症,仍然是人们关注的一个重要课题,尤其ERCP术后一过性高淀粉酶血症(hyperamylasemia)及急性胰腺炎,往往给患者增加痛苦,延误诊治,增加住院天数及费用,甚至危及患者生命. 因此,如何预防ERCP术后并发症是医学界一个重要的临床研究内容,倍受关注. 奥曲肽(octreotide)是人工合成的八肽环化合物,有天然生长抑素的药理特性,且具有长效的作用和明确的抑制胰腺分泌和消化酶分泌的药理作用. 为了探讨奥曲肽对ERCP术后一过性高淀粉酶血症及急性胰腺炎的预防作用,我们观察了奥曲肽对276例ERCP术后患者血清淀粉酶并发胰腺炎的影响,并作了随机对照研究. 现报告如下.
, 百拇医药
    1 对象和方法

    1.1 对象 拟施行ERCP患者共276例,男147例,女129例,年龄14岁~82岁,平均54.1岁. 其中胆总管结石112例(40.6%),胆囊结石34例(12.3%),胆囊炎14例(5.1%),胆囊切除术后综合征24例(8.7%),其他57例(20.6%). 所有患者术前查血淀粉酶均在正常范围,按随机原则分为奥曲肽预防组167例,对照组109例.

    1.2 方法 预防组患者于ERCP术前30min及术后4h分别给予奥曲肽针(octreotide,北京诺华制药有限公司)0.1mg,sc,对照组术前术后给以生理盐水1mL,sc. 两组患者均于术前15min常规安定10mg,解痉灵20mg,im.

    观察指标 两组患者均于ERCP术前、术后2h及24h检查血清淀粉酶,并观察两组患者的腹痛、呕吐、发热等症状及腹部体征,若发现急性胰腺炎,应作腹部B超或CT检查.
, 百拇医药
    统计学处理 两组患者ERCP术前后血清淀粉酶值用±s表示,血清淀粉酶变化用两组非配对资料t检验进行统计学处理.

    2 结果

    预防组167例,对照组109例,其ERCP术前、术后2h,24h血清淀粉酶变化见表1, 结果显示两组术前血清淀粉酶无显著性差别(P>0.05),而术后差异非常显著(P<0.01). 预防组中ERCP术后2h,24h分别有42例(25.1%)和28例(16.8%)患者发生一过性高淀粉酶血症,有7例(4.2%)发生急性胰腺炎. 而对照组中ERCP术后2h,24h分别有58例(53.2%)和46例(42.2%)出现一过性高淀粉酶血症,9例 患者(8.3%)发生急性胰腺炎,预防组明显低于对照组(P<0.01,表1).

    表1 ERCP患者术前术后血清淀粉酶变化 (U/L,±s) 组别

    血清淀粉酶
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    Pre-ERCP

    2h post-ERCP

    24h post-ERCP

    预防组

    117±49

    246±224b

    252±291b

    对照组

    125±55

    499±597

    466±559

    bP<0.01, vs 对照组.
, 百拇医药
    3 讨论

    ERCP术后最常见的并发症为单纯性高淀粉酶血症,发生率40%~50%[1,2],国内文献[3]报告高达20%~70%. ERCP引起高淀粉酶血症及胰腺炎的原因主要是操作中导管插入的机械性刺激及注入化学性造影剂致胰管内压力升高,造影剂对胰腺泡的刺激和损伤. 多数情况下,高淀粉酶血症为一过性升高,多在24h内降至正常水平,故也无需作特殊处理. 但若ERCP操作时,反复多次胰管显影,甚至胰腺腺泡显影或乳头开口处水肿、引流不畅,不但会发生高淀粉酶血症,而且会出现剧烈的上腹痛、发热、恶心、呕吐等急性胰腺炎症状,即并发急性胰腺炎. ERCP术后胰腺炎发生率0%~39.5%[4],近美国研究报告诊断性ERCP的胰腺炎发生率为3.9%,治疗性ERCP为2.7%[5]. ERCP术后急性胰腺炎多数为水肿性的,预后良好,但也有发生急性出血坏死性胰腺炎的报告[6].此需积极的治疗,否则会导致严重的并发症,甚至会引起死亡. 因此,预防ERCP术后高淀粉酶血症及急性胰腺炎并发症是内镜医生研究的重要课题,一方面需要术者操作时尽可能避免反复多次及高压下向胰管内注入过多的造影剂,尤其是对插管有困难者,治疗时尽可能避免损伤胰管开口处组织. 另一方面是采取术前用药来预防ERCP后的高淀粉酶血症及急性胰腺炎;目前研究较多的是用长效生长抑素类似物奥曲肽,通过抑制胰腺分泌及括约肌张力,但疗效国外报告不一.
, 百拇医药
    奥曲肽为一种人工合成的八肽环化合物,具有天然的生长抑素的药理特征,且有长效的作用有明确的抑制胰腺分泌的药理作用. 有文献报告[7]奥曲肽具有松弛Oddi括约肌的功效,因此广泛应用于急性胰腺炎的治疗,且收到了较好的效果. Tamas et al[8]及Zsolt et al[9]临床研究均证实奥曲肽能有效地预防ERCP术后急性胰腺炎并发症.

    本预防组167例患者ERCP术后2h及24h血清淀粉酶(U/L)水平分别为246±224和252±291,明显低于对照组水平(499±597及466±559,P<0.01),预防组ERCP术后2h及24h发生高淀粉酶血症例数分别为42例(25.1%)及28例(16.8%),亦明显低于对照组(58例,53.2%;46例,42.2%,P<0.01). 预防组7例(4.3%)发生急性胰腺炎,亦明显低于对照组(9/109,8.3%,P<0.05). 结果表明,术前及术后4h内sc小剂量(0.1mg)奥曲肽能有效降低ERCP术后高淀粉酶血症及急性胰腺炎发生率,但可能会增加患者的医疗费用负担,因此,我们特别推荐应用于ERCP操作时,估计插管困难者,并有胰腺疾病及胰腺反复显影者或胰管开口有损伤及有诱发急性胰腺炎危险因素的患者.
, 百拇医药
    4 参考文献

    1 Bilbao MK, Dotter CT, Lee RG, Katon RM. Complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). A study of 10 000 cases. Gastroenterology, 1976;70(3):314-320

    2 Cotton PB. progress report. ERCP. Gut, 1977;18(4):316

    3 王年吉. 消化道内镜诊治的并发症及预防. 中华消化杂志,1983;3(2):116

    4 Sherman S, Lehman GA. ERCP-and endoscopic sphincterotomy-induced pancreatitis. Pancreas, 1991;6(3):350-367
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    5 Eisen G, Schulz S, Metzler D, Baillie J, Cotton PB. Santorinicele: new evidence for obstruction in pancreas divisum. Gastrointest Endosc, 1994;40(1):73-76

    6 Chen YK Foliente RL, Santoro MJ, Walter MH, Collen MJ. Endoscopic sphincterotomy-induced pancreatitis: increased risk asscoiated with nondilated bileduct and sphiacter of Oddi slysfunction. Am J Gastroenterol, 1994;89(3):327-333

    7 谢苏庆,许国铭,李兆申. 奥曲肽对犬Oddi括约肌作用的实验研究. 中华消化杂志,1994;14(6):367-368
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    8 Tamas GY, Tulassay I, Papp J, Paksy A, Koranyi L, Kisfaludy S. Effect of somatostatin on the pancreatitis-like biochemical change dut to endoscopic pancreatography prelimnary report. Metabolism, 1978;27(9):1333-1340

    9 Zsolt T, Janos P. The effect of long-acting aomatostatin analogue on enzyme change after endoscopic pancreatography. Gastrointest Endosc, 1991;37(1):48-50, 百拇医药