转化生长因子β1对角膜碱烧伤后机体免疫细胞功能的影响
作者:刘春民 徐锦堂
单位:刘春民(深圳市中心医院眼科);刘春民 徐锦堂(510632 广州,暨南大学医学院眼科)
关键词:角膜;碱烧伤;转化生长因子β1
眼科研究000202 摘要 目的探讨转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)对角膜碱烧伤机体巨噬细胞和淋巴细胞功能的影响。方法Balb/c鼠单眼角膜Ⅱ度碱烧伤,治疗组于模型制作后1 h内球后注射TGF-β1 50 ng联合腹腔注射TGF-β1 30 ng。动态观察腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能和循环淋巴细胞对促分裂原刺激的转化功能,并与对照组进行对比分析。结果经TGF-β1治疗后,腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬能力在5周内明显低于对照组(P<0.05);淋巴细胞转化在植物血凝素(PHA)刺激时,3周内显著降低(P<0.05),但在烧伤角膜蛋白刺激时,差别无显著性(P>0.05)。结论微量TGF-β1对角膜碱烧伤机体免疫活性细胞的功能具有抑制作用。
, http://www.100md.com
分类号 R772.2 R446.6
Effect of transforming growth factor β1 on the immune cells following corneal
alkali burns
Liu Chunmin,Xu Jintang.
(First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College,Jinan University,Guangzhou 510632)
Abstract ObjectiveTo observe the effect of transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1)on the immune cells following corneal alkali burns.MethodsBalb/c mice were given mild corneal alkali burns.In treatment group,the mice were injected TGF-β1 50 ng postbularly combined with 30 ng abdomino-injection.The control mice were given corneal burns without TGF-β1 injection.In both groups,the macrophages were obtained by washing the abdominal cavity of mice using normal saline,and the lymphocytes in the blood were acquired at the same time by density gradient centrifugation.The normal corneas(control group)and burned corneas were excised and homogenized in PBS.The homogenate was then centrifuged and the supernatant was used as a source of corneal protein.Every other week in a period of 7 weeks,the macrophages were used for tests of phagocytosis while the lymphocytes were cultured in complete RPMI 1 640 culture medium with or without phytoagglutinin(PHA)or mice corneal protein for 54 h followed by incubation with 3 H-TdR for 18 h.Counts per minute(cpm),relative plastid-transformation index(RPI)and stimulation index(SI)were analyzed.ResultsFor mice with TGF-β1 injection,the phagocytosing rate within 5 weeks and phagocytosing index during 3~5 weeks were obviously lower than those in controls(P<0.05);and the △cpm,RPI or SI in blastogenesis tests induced by PHA before the 3rd week were markedly lower than those of control mice(P<0.05). There was no difference between the two groups in the △cpm,RPI or SI in blastogenesis tests induced by mice corneal proteins during the period of observation(P>0.05).ConclusionTGF-β1 can suppress the phagocytic function of macrophages and blastogenesis of lymphocytes induced by PHA.
, 百拇医药
Key word scornea alkali-burn transforming growth factor-β1
转化生长因子β1(transforming growth factor beta 1,TGF-β1)是一种具有多向生物效应的细胞调节因子,它可作为促进细胞增殖的信号,又能抑制 细胞的增殖,在传递生物信息、创伤修复、多方位控制细胞功能及免疫调节等方面起重要的调控作用[1,2]。
TGF-β1对细胞生[=F(长和免疫调节的效果取决于其所作用的细胞类型、细胞的分化状态、机体免疫状态,以及环境中存在的其它因子的作用,同时与其剂量有一定的关系[2,3]。多数研究是在体外条件下进行的,活体状态下TGF-β1的作用因受机体复杂因素的影响而难与离体实验相一致。目前尚未见到有关外源性TGF-β1对角膜碱烧伤机体的影响的文献报道。我们以Balb/c鼠作为实验对象,对此进行了初步探讨。
, 百拇医药
1 材料与方法
1.1 实验试剂
TGF-β1(human,natural,ED50=0.235 ng/ml,promega)2 μg加入灭菌的0.01 mol/L,pH 7.4 PBS 2 ml,临用前配制。
1.2 实验动物与分组
雄性Balb/c鼠116只,体重约20 g。随机分为:A组(15只),用于分离代表正常群体标本的淋巴细胞;B组(20只),用于制备碱烧伤角膜蛋白提取液;C组(9只),作为正常对照;治疗组(36只),再分为1,3,5,7周组,各9只;对照组(36只),再分为1,3,5,7周组,各9只。
1.3 实验方法
1.3.1 制作单眼角膜Ⅱ度碱烧伤模型:麻醉动物后,将单层直径3 mm定量滤纸浸入1 mol/L NaOH溶液中10 s,取出放在右眼角膜中央部20 s后,除去滤纸,用生理盐水冲洗右眼10 min,造成Ⅱ度角膜碱烧伤模型[4]。对治疗组实验鼠,用生理盐水冲洗后,在烧伤眼进行眼球后注射TGF-β1 50 ng,腹腔注射30 ng。
, 百拇医药
1.3.2 B组实验鼠模型制作后3天,断颈处死,摘取伤侧角膜20只,用0.01 mol/L,pH 7.4 PBS,碾碎、离心,获取上清液;将沉淀物再次离心后,合并两次所得的上清液,最终制得烧伤角膜蛋白提取液约1 ml。
1.3.3 对C组、对照组和治疗组实验鼠,在取材前72 h,腹腔注射灭菌石蜡油约0.3 ml/只。实验当日,摘取眼球放血(加肝素抗凝),分离淋巴细胞,并用RPMI 1640完全培养液调整细胞数至1×106个/50 μl;按设定板孔加样于96孔培养板内,每样本均设对照、PHA刺激孔、烧伤角膜蛋白刺激孔,各12个复孔,以3H-TdR掺入法进行淋巴细胞转化试验,结果以△cpm,RPI,SI表示[5]。同时,对上述实验鼠进行腹腔冲洗,获取巨噬细胞,以落片法进行巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞试验,结果以吞噬百分率和吞噬指数表示,同时观察巨噬细胞对鸡红细胞的消化程度[5]。烧伤眼球作病理检查。
, 百拇医药
2 结果
2.1 巨噬细胞吞噬消化功能
角膜碱烧伤后,腹腔巨噬细胞体积增大明显,吞噬力和消化力明显增强;TGF-β1治疗组,巨噬细胞吞噬力在5周内明显低于对照组(表1,表2)。
表1 TGF-β1应用组与对照组巨噬细胞吞噬率的比较(%,±s)
Tab.1 A comparison between TGF-β1 injected and
control group in phagocytosing rate(%,±s) Time(week)
Control group
TGF-β1 group
, 百拇医药
P
1
22.02±1.48
15.72±0.08
<0.05
3
23.54±1.70
12.97±2.46
<0.05
5
19.36±0.80
13.84±1.29
, 百拇医药
<0.05
7
20.37±1.10
19.60±0.86
>0.05
表2 TGF-β1应用组与对照组巨噬细胞吞噬指数的比较(±s)
Tab.2 A comparison between TGF-β1 injected and control
group in phagocytosing index (±s) Time(week)
Controlgroup
TGF-β1group
, 百拇医药
P
1
0.29±0.01
0.23±0.03
>0.05
3
0.30±0.02
0.17±0.03
<0.05
5
0.22±0.02
0.16±0.02
, http://www.100md.com <0.05
7
0.33±0.03
0.26±0.02
>0.05
2.2 淋巴细胞转化功能
2.2.1 PHA刺激:TGF-β1治疗组,△cpm,RPI,SI在1,3周时明显较对照组降低(表3,表4)。表3 PHA刺激时TGF-β1应用组与对照组△cpm的比较(±s)
Tab.3 A comparison between TGF-β1 injected and
control group in lymphocyte blastogenesis(△cpm)
, 百拇医药
induced by PHA(±s)
Time(week)
Controlgroup
TGF-β1group
P
1
16 950.88±5 776.97
3 606.67±2 025.298 978.01±3 054.40
<0.05
3
13 089.78±4 832.27
, 百拇医药
<0.05
5
15 993.22±6 025.74
9 717.41±7 047.55
>0.05
7
18 164.70±6 335.76
14 445.04±8 932.61
>0.05
表4 PHA刺激时TGF-β1应用组与对照组RPI,SI的比较(±s)
Tab.4 A comparison between TGF-β1 injected and
, http://www.100md.com
control group in lymphocyte blastogenesis(RPI,SI)
induced by PHA(±s) Time
(week)
RPI
SI
Control
TGF-β1
P
Control
TGF-β1
P
, http://www.100md.com
1
1.73±0.59
0.37±0.21
<0.05
2.08±0.5
11.06±0.26
<0.05
3
1.41±0.47
0.92±0.31
<0.05
1.45±0.2
, 百拇医药
41.19±0.21
<0.05
5
1.64±0.62
1.05±0.66
>0.05
1.32±0.2
51.21±0.25
>0.05
7
1.86±0.65
1.48±0.91
, 百拇医药
>0.05
1.62±0.21
1.50±0.31
>0.05
2.2.2 烧伤角膜蛋白刺激:TGF-β1治疗组与对照组相比,差别无显著性(P>0.05)。
2.3 角膜组织切片光镜检查
TGF-β1治疗组,烧伤角膜增厚明显,上皮细胞异常增生,基质纤维母细胞及胶原纤维板层显著增多,新生血管生长旺盛;对照组烧伤角膜上述变化不显著。两组均未见明显的炎症细胞浸润。
3 讨论
TGF-β1与免疫系统存在着密切关系。有学者认为,TGF-β是一种比环孢霉素A活性更高的免疫抑制剂[6],它能够抑制胸腺细胞的增殖和活化,抑制自然杀伤细胞和IL-2诱增的杀伤细胞的分化和增殖[7],抑制B淋巴细胞的增殖及免疫球蛋白的分泌[8],对T淋巴细胞的免疫活性亦有抑制作用[9]。有实验表明,TGF-β能够增强T细胞的应激反应性,促进巨噬细胞的扩增和溶细胞活性[3]。由此可知,TGF-β的作用因影响因素不同而存在差异。
, 百拇医药
在本实验条件下,TGF-β1可在活体应用后的5周内显著抑制角膜碱烧伤Balb/c鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬和消化能力,3周内显著抑制非特异性促分裂原PHA的促淋巴细胞转化作用,而对特异性碱烧伤角膜蛋白致敏的T淋巴细胞的转化则无影响。目前我们尚不能解释TGF-β1对淋巴细胞发挥此作用的机制。
本结果从另一方面也显示,TGF-β1对碱烧伤角膜损伤的修复具有积极的促进作用。我们认为,TGF-β1的这种促细胞增殖作用是通过角膜上皮和角膜缘基底细胞的TGF-β1受体发挥作用的[10]。
由上可知,TGF-β1应用于角膜碱烧伤,可较好地抑制机体免疫活性细胞的活性及损伤局部的浸润性,进而减轻角膜的病理过程,同时,能够促进损伤组织的修复。此研究为进一步研究角膜碱烧伤及TGF-β的作用提供了有益的资料。
本文受广东省自然科学基金资助(基金编号:960202)
, 百拇医药
参考文献
1,Kane CJA,Hebda PAH,Mansbridge JN,et al.Direct evidence for spatial and temporal regulation of transforming growth factor β1 expression during cutaneous wound healing,J Cell Physiol,1991,148∶157
2,李志杰,林剑,李辰,等.转化生长因子-β对上皮细胞体外生长的调节作用.眼科,1996,5(4)∶236
3,Peress NS,Perillo E.TGF and TGF-beta 3 immunoreactivity within the ciliary epithelium.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,1994,35∶453
, 百拇医药
4,李凤鸣,主编.眼科全书.北京:人民卫生出版社,1996.3361
5,陶义训,主编.免疫学和免疫学检验.北京:人民卫生出版社,1989.174-188
6,Ruegemer JJ,Ho SN,Augustine JA,et al.Regulatory effects of transforming growth factor beta on IL-4-dependent T cellcycle progression.J Immunol,1990,144(5)∶1767
7,Espevik T,Figari IS,Ranges GE,et al.Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) and recombinant human tumor nectosis factor-alpha reciprocally regulate the generation of lymphokine activated killer cell activity.Comparison between natural porcine phatelet-derived TGF-β1 and TGF-β2,and recombinant human TGF-β1.J Immunol,1988,40∶2312
, 百拇医药
8,Wilbanks GA,Mammolenti MM,Streilein JW.Studies in the induction of anterior chamber-associated immune deviation(ACAID)∶Ⅲ induction of ACAID depends upon intraocular transforming growth factor-beta.Eur J Immunol,1992,22∶165
9,Pawelec G,Rehbein A,Schlots E,et al.Cytokine modulation of TH1/TH2 phenotype differentiation in directly alloresponsive CD4+ human T cells.Transplantation,1996,62(8)∶1095
10,Joyce NC,Zieske JD.Transforming growth factor-beta receptor expression in human cornea.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,1997,38(10)∶1922
(收稿:1999-01-10 修回:1999-11-20), 百拇医药
单位:刘春民(深圳市中心医院眼科);刘春民 徐锦堂(510632 广州,暨南大学医学院眼科)
关键词:角膜;碱烧伤;转化生长因子β1
眼科研究000202 摘要 目的探讨转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)对角膜碱烧伤机体巨噬细胞和淋巴细胞功能的影响。方法Balb/c鼠单眼角膜Ⅱ度碱烧伤,治疗组于模型制作后1 h内球后注射TGF-β1 50 ng联合腹腔注射TGF-β1 30 ng。动态观察腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能和循环淋巴细胞对促分裂原刺激的转化功能,并与对照组进行对比分析。结果经TGF-β1治疗后,腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬能力在5周内明显低于对照组(P<0.05);淋巴细胞转化在植物血凝素(PHA)刺激时,3周内显著降低(P<0.05),但在烧伤角膜蛋白刺激时,差别无显著性(P>0.05)。结论微量TGF-β1对角膜碱烧伤机体免疫活性细胞的功能具有抑制作用。
, http://www.100md.com
分类号 R772.2 R446.6
Effect of transforming growth factor β1 on the immune cells following corneal
alkali burns
Liu Chunmin,Xu Jintang.
(First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College,Jinan University,Guangzhou 510632)
Abstract ObjectiveTo observe the effect of transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1)on the immune cells following corneal alkali burns.MethodsBalb/c mice were given mild corneal alkali burns.In treatment group,the mice were injected TGF-β1 50 ng postbularly combined with 30 ng abdomino-injection.The control mice were given corneal burns without TGF-β1 injection.In both groups,the macrophages were obtained by washing the abdominal cavity of mice using normal saline,and the lymphocytes in the blood were acquired at the same time by density gradient centrifugation.The normal corneas(control group)and burned corneas were excised and homogenized in PBS.The homogenate was then centrifuged and the supernatant was used as a source of corneal protein.Every other week in a period of 7 weeks,the macrophages were used for tests of phagocytosis while the lymphocytes were cultured in complete RPMI 1 640 culture medium with or without phytoagglutinin(PHA)or mice corneal protein for 54 h followed by incubation with 3 H-TdR for 18 h.Counts per minute(cpm),relative plastid-transformation index(RPI)and stimulation index(SI)were analyzed.ResultsFor mice with TGF-β1 injection,the phagocytosing rate within 5 weeks and phagocytosing index during 3~5 weeks were obviously lower than those in controls(P<0.05);and the △cpm,RPI or SI in blastogenesis tests induced by PHA before the 3rd week were markedly lower than those of control mice(P<0.05). There was no difference between the two groups in the △cpm,RPI or SI in blastogenesis tests induced by mice corneal proteins during the period of observation(P>0.05).ConclusionTGF-β1 can suppress the phagocytic function of macrophages and blastogenesis of lymphocytes induced by PHA.
, 百拇医药
Key word scornea alkali-burn transforming growth factor-β1
转化生长因子β1(transforming growth factor beta 1,TGF-β1)是一种具有多向生物效应的细胞调节因子,它可作为促进细胞增殖的信号,又能抑制 细胞的增殖,在传递生物信息、创伤修复、多方位控制细胞功能及免疫调节等方面起重要的调控作用[1,2]。
TGF-β1对细胞生[=F(长和免疫调节的效果取决于其所作用的细胞类型、细胞的分化状态、机体免疫状态,以及环境中存在的其它因子的作用,同时与其剂量有一定的关系[2,3]。多数研究是在体外条件下进行的,活体状态下TGF-β1的作用因受机体复杂因素的影响而难与离体实验相一致。目前尚未见到有关外源性TGF-β1对角膜碱烧伤机体的影响的文献报道。我们以Balb/c鼠作为实验对象,对此进行了初步探讨。
, 百拇医药
1 材料与方法
1.1 实验试剂
TGF-β1(human,natural,ED50=0.235 ng/ml,promega)2 μg加入灭菌的0.01 mol/L,pH 7.4 PBS 2 ml,临用前配制。
1.2 实验动物与分组
雄性Balb/c鼠116只,体重约20 g。随机分为:A组(15只),用于分离代表正常群体标本的淋巴细胞;B组(20只),用于制备碱烧伤角膜蛋白提取液;C组(9只),作为正常对照;治疗组(36只),再分为1,3,5,7周组,各9只;对照组(36只),再分为1,3,5,7周组,各9只。
1.3 实验方法
1.3.1 制作单眼角膜Ⅱ度碱烧伤模型:麻醉动物后,将单层直径3 mm定量滤纸浸入1 mol/L NaOH溶液中10 s,取出放在右眼角膜中央部20 s后,除去滤纸,用生理盐水冲洗右眼10 min,造成Ⅱ度角膜碱烧伤模型[4]。对治疗组实验鼠,用生理盐水冲洗后,在烧伤眼进行眼球后注射TGF-β1 50 ng,腹腔注射30 ng。
, 百拇医药
1.3.2 B组实验鼠模型制作后3天,断颈处死,摘取伤侧角膜20只,用0.01 mol/L,pH 7.4 PBS,碾碎、离心,获取上清液;将沉淀物再次离心后,合并两次所得的上清液,最终制得烧伤角膜蛋白提取液约1 ml。
1.3.3 对C组、对照组和治疗组实验鼠,在取材前72 h,腹腔注射灭菌石蜡油约0.3 ml/只。实验当日,摘取眼球放血(加肝素抗凝),分离淋巴细胞,并用RPMI 1640完全培养液调整细胞数至1×106个/50 μl;按设定板孔加样于96孔培养板内,每样本均设对照、PHA刺激孔、烧伤角膜蛋白刺激孔,各12个复孔,以3H-TdR掺入法进行淋巴细胞转化试验,结果以△cpm,RPI,SI表示[5]。同时,对上述实验鼠进行腹腔冲洗,获取巨噬细胞,以落片法进行巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞试验,结果以吞噬百分率和吞噬指数表示,同时观察巨噬细胞对鸡红细胞的消化程度[5]。烧伤眼球作病理检查。
, 百拇医药
2 结果
2.1 巨噬细胞吞噬消化功能
角膜碱烧伤后,腹腔巨噬细胞体积增大明显,吞噬力和消化力明显增强;TGF-β1治疗组,巨噬细胞吞噬力在5周内明显低于对照组(表1,表2)。
表1 TGF-β1应用组与对照组巨噬细胞吞噬率的比较(%,±s)
Tab.1 A comparison between TGF-β1 injected and
control group in phagocytosing rate(%,±s) Time(week)
Control group
TGF-β1 group
, 百拇医药
P
1
22.02±1.48
15.72±0.08
<0.05
3
23.54±1.70
12.97±2.46
<0.05
5
19.36±0.80
13.84±1.29
, 百拇医药
<0.05
7
20.37±1.10
19.60±0.86
>0.05
表2 TGF-β1应用组与对照组巨噬细胞吞噬指数的比较(±s)
Tab.2 A comparison between TGF-β1 injected and control
group in phagocytosing index (±s) Time(week)
Controlgroup
TGF-β1group
, 百拇医药
P
1
0.29±0.01
0.23±0.03
>0.05
3
0.30±0.02
0.17±0.03
<0.05
5
0.22±0.02
0.16±0.02
, http://www.100md.com <0.05
7
0.33±0.03
0.26±0.02
>0.05
2.2 淋巴细胞转化功能
2.2.1 PHA刺激:TGF-β1治疗组,△cpm,RPI,SI在1,3周时明显较对照组降低(表3,表4)。表3 PHA刺激时TGF-β1应用组与对照组△cpm的比较(±s)
Tab.3 A comparison between TGF-β1 injected and
control group in lymphocyte blastogenesis(△cpm)
, 百拇医药
induced by PHA(±s)
Time(week)
Controlgroup
TGF-β1group
P
1
16 950.88±5 776.97
3 606.67±2 025.298 978.01±3 054.40
<0.05
3
13 089.78±4 832.27
, 百拇医药
<0.05
5
15 993.22±6 025.74
9 717.41±7 047.55
>0.05
7
18 164.70±6 335.76
14 445.04±8 932.61
>0.05
表4 PHA刺激时TGF-β1应用组与对照组RPI,SI的比较(±s)
Tab.4 A comparison between TGF-β1 injected and
, http://www.100md.com
control group in lymphocyte blastogenesis(RPI,SI)
induced by PHA(±s) Time
(week)
RPI
SI
Control
TGF-β1
P
Control
TGF-β1
P
, http://www.100md.com
1
1.73±0.59
0.37±0.21
<0.05
2.08±0.5
11.06±0.26
<0.05
3
1.41±0.47
0.92±0.31
<0.05
1.45±0.2
, 百拇医药
41.19±0.21
<0.05
5
1.64±0.62
1.05±0.66
>0.05
1.32±0.2
51.21±0.25
>0.05
7
1.86±0.65
1.48±0.91
, 百拇医药
>0.05
1.62±0.21
1.50±0.31
>0.05
2.2.2 烧伤角膜蛋白刺激:TGF-β1治疗组与对照组相比,差别无显著性(P>0.05)。
2.3 角膜组织切片光镜检查
TGF-β1治疗组,烧伤角膜增厚明显,上皮细胞异常增生,基质纤维母细胞及胶原纤维板层显著增多,新生血管生长旺盛;对照组烧伤角膜上述变化不显著。两组均未见明显的炎症细胞浸润。
3 讨论
TGF-β1与免疫系统存在着密切关系。有学者认为,TGF-β是一种比环孢霉素A活性更高的免疫抑制剂[6],它能够抑制胸腺细胞的增殖和活化,抑制自然杀伤细胞和IL-2诱增的杀伤细胞的分化和增殖[7],抑制B淋巴细胞的增殖及免疫球蛋白的分泌[8],对T淋巴细胞的免疫活性亦有抑制作用[9]。有实验表明,TGF-β能够增强T细胞的应激反应性,促进巨噬细胞的扩增和溶细胞活性[3]。由此可知,TGF-β的作用因影响因素不同而存在差异。
, 百拇医药
在本实验条件下,TGF-β1可在活体应用后的5周内显著抑制角膜碱烧伤Balb/c鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬和消化能力,3周内显著抑制非特异性促分裂原PHA的促淋巴细胞转化作用,而对特异性碱烧伤角膜蛋白致敏的T淋巴细胞的转化则无影响。目前我们尚不能解释TGF-β1对淋巴细胞发挥此作用的机制。
本结果从另一方面也显示,TGF-β1对碱烧伤角膜损伤的修复具有积极的促进作用。我们认为,TGF-β1的这种促细胞增殖作用是通过角膜上皮和角膜缘基底细胞的TGF-β1受体发挥作用的[10]。
由上可知,TGF-β1应用于角膜碱烧伤,可较好地抑制机体免疫活性细胞的活性及损伤局部的浸润性,进而减轻角膜的病理过程,同时,能够促进损伤组织的修复。此研究为进一步研究角膜碱烧伤及TGF-β的作用提供了有益的资料。
本文受广东省自然科学基金资助(基金编号:960202)
, 百拇医药
参考文献
1,Kane CJA,Hebda PAH,Mansbridge JN,et al.Direct evidence for spatial and temporal regulation of transforming growth factor β1 expression during cutaneous wound healing,J Cell Physiol,1991,148∶157
2,李志杰,林剑,李辰,等.转化生长因子-β对上皮细胞体外生长的调节作用.眼科,1996,5(4)∶236
3,Peress NS,Perillo E.TGF and TGF-beta 3 immunoreactivity within the ciliary epithelium.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,1994,35∶453
, 百拇医药
4,李凤鸣,主编.眼科全书.北京:人民卫生出版社,1996.3361
5,陶义训,主编.免疫学和免疫学检验.北京:人民卫生出版社,1989.174-188
6,Ruegemer JJ,Ho SN,Augustine JA,et al.Regulatory effects of transforming growth factor beta on IL-4-dependent T cellcycle progression.J Immunol,1990,144(5)∶1767
7,Espevik T,Figari IS,Ranges GE,et al.Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) and recombinant human tumor nectosis factor-alpha reciprocally regulate the generation of lymphokine activated killer cell activity.Comparison between natural porcine phatelet-derived TGF-β1 and TGF-β2,and recombinant human TGF-β1.J Immunol,1988,40∶2312
, 百拇医药
8,Wilbanks GA,Mammolenti MM,Streilein JW.Studies in the induction of anterior chamber-associated immune deviation(ACAID)∶Ⅲ induction of ACAID depends upon intraocular transforming growth factor-beta.Eur J Immunol,1992,22∶165
9,Pawelec G,Rehbein A,Schlots E,et al.Cytokine modulation of TH1/TH2 phenotype differentiation in directly alloresponsive CD4+ human T cells.Transplantation,1996,62(8)∶1095
10,Joyce NC,Zieske JD.Transforming growth factor-beta receptor expression in human cornea.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,1997,38(10)∶1922
(收稿:1999-01-10 修回:1999-11-20), 百拇医药