血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂引起的血肌酐升高是否为需要注意的问题(12)
1. The Sixth Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention， Detection，Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure。 Arch Intern Med. 1997；157：24 13一2446
2. Taylor Nelson Healthcare， Epson Survey. London， England： Copyright Cardiomonitor,1 992
3.Lazarus JM，Bourgoignie JJ，Buckalew VM，et a1， for the MDRD Group Achievement and safety of a low blood pressure goal in chronic renal disease：the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group. Hypertension， 1997；29：641-650
, http://www.100md.com
4.Weir MR。Chrysant SG，McCarron DA，et a1。1nfluence of race and dietary salt on the antihy-pertensive efficacy of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or a calcium channel an tagonist in salt-sensitive hypertensives. Hypertension。 1998；31：10881096
5. BaI1 SG, Hall AS，Murray GD，ACE inhibition，atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction一the AIRE Study in practice：Acute Infarction Ramipril Efficacy Study.Eur Heart J,1994, 15(suppl B)：20-25。
, http://www.100md.com
6.Pfeffer MA，Braunwald E，Moye LA，et al，Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction：results of the survival and ventricular enlargement tria1.N Engl J Med. 1992；327：669-677。
7. Gustafsson F，Kober L，Torp一pedersen C，et a1. Long-term prognosis after acute myocardial infarction in patients with a history of arterial hypertension：TRACE study group.Eur Heart J. 1998： 19：588-594。
, http://www.100md.com
8. Bakris GL，Copley JB，Vicknair N，Sadler R，Leurgans S.Calcium channel blockers versus other antihypertensive therapies on progression of NIDDM associated nephropathy：results of a six year study. Kidney Int，1996；50： 1 641-1650。
9. Maschio G，Alberti D，Janin G，et a1. Effect of the angiotensin一converting-enzyme inhibitor benazepril on the progression of chronic renal insufficiency：the Angiotensin一Converting· Enzyme Inhibition in Progressive Renal Disease tria1.N Engl J Med. 1996；334：939-945。
, 百拇医药
10. The GISEN Group.Randomised placebo一controlled trial of effect of ramipril on decline in glomerular filtration rate and risk of terminal renal failure in proteinuric，non一diabetic nephr一 opathy， Lancet. 1997；349： 1857-1863。
11. Hebert LA，Bain RP，Veme D，for the Collaborative Study Group. Remission of nephrotic range proteinuria in type l diabetes.Kidney Int. 1994；46： 1688-1693
12.Lewis EJ， Hunsicker LG。 Bain RP Rohde RD， for the Collaborative Study Group. The effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition on diabetic nephropathy N Engl J Med. 1993：329；1456-1462
, 百拇医药
13.Lebovitz HE。 Wiegmann TB。 Cnaan A， et a1. Rena1 protective effects of enalapril in hypertensive NIDDM： role of baseline albuminuria； Kidney Int. 1994； 45 (suppl 45)： S-150 -S155
14.Hannedouche T.Landais P Goldfarb B， et al. Randomised controlled trial of enalapril and beta b1ockers in non一diabetic chronic renal tailure。 BMJ. 1994； 309：833-837
15.Pitt B。 Segal R。 Martinez FA， et a1. Randomized trial of losartan versus captopril in patients over 65 with heart failure (Evaluation of Losartan in the Elderly Study， ELITE ). Lancet l 997 ；349：747-752
, 百拇医药
16.Bjorck S Mulec H， Johnsen SA， Norden G， Aurell M， Rena1 protective effect of enalapril in diabetic nephropathy。 BMJ 1992； 304： 339-343
17.Zucchelli P Zuccala A， Borghi M， et al Long-term comparison between captopril and nifedipine in the progression of renal insufficiency. Kidney Int. 1992； 42：452458。
18.Kamper AL， Strandgaard8， Leyssac PP. Effect of enalapril on the progression of chronic renal failure。 Am J Hvpertens. 1 992；5 ：423-430
, http://www.100md.com
19.Ih1e BU。 Whitworth JA。 Shahinfar S. Cnaan A， Kincaid-Smith PS. Becker GJ. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in non-diabetic progressive renal insufficiency：a controlled double-blinded tria1. Am J Kidney Dis.1996；27：489-495
20.Alderman CP Adverse effects of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. Ann Pharmacother 1996：30：55-61
21.Toto RD。 Renal insufficiency due to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Miner Electro1yte Metab l994；20：193-200
, 百拇医药
22.Anderson S， Rennke HG， Brenner BM。 Nifedipine versus fosinopril in uninephrectomized diabetic rats. Kidney Int. 1992： 41：891-897
23.Christensen PK。 Hansen HP, Parving HH。 Impaired autoregulation of GFR in hypertensive non-insulin dependent diabetic patients. Kidney Int. 1997； 52： 1369-1374
24.Bidani AK。 Griffin KA。 Plott W。 Schwartz MM。 Renal ablation acutely transforms "benign " hypertension to"malignant" nephrosclerosis in hypertensive rats. Hypertension， 1994；24：309-316。
, http://www.100md.com
25.Levey A。 Short-term effects of protein intake， blood pressure，and antihypertensive therapy on glomerular liltration rate in the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study. J Am Soc Nephro1. 1996；7：2097-2109
26.Hansen HP Rossing P, Tamow L， Nielsen FS， Jensen BR， Parving HH， Increased glomerular filtration rate after withdrawal of long-term antihypertensive treatment in diabetic nephrophthy。Kidney Int. 1995：47： 1726-1 731
27.Lewis EJ， Hunsicker LG， Bain RP Rohde RD， The effect of angiotensin -converting-enzyme inhibition on diabetic nephropathy： the Collaborative Study Group ( published erratum appears In N Engl J Med. 1994；330： 152).N Engl J Med l993； 329： 1456-1462
, http://www.100md.com
28.Nielsen FS. Rossing P GaII MA。 Skott P Smidt UM， Parving HH。 Impact of lisinopril and atenolo on kidney function in hypertensive NIDDM subjects with diabetic nephropathy。Diabetes 1994：43：1108-1113
29.Bakris GL。 Short and long-term effects of ACE inhibitors on progression of renal disease。 Nephrology. 1 997； 3 (suppl 1):S40
30.Keane WF Ekoyan G。For the PARADE Committee.Proteinuria,albuminuria，risk assessme1nt detection， elimination (PARADE)： a position paper of the National Kidney Foundation Am J Kidney Dis.1999；33：1004-1010.
, 百拇医药
31.Remuzzi G， Ruggenenti P, Benigni A Understanding the nature of renal disease progression。 Kidney Int.1997.51：2-5
32.Kloke HJ. Branten AJ， Huysmans FT， Wetzels JF。 Antihypertensive treatment of patients with proteinuric renal diseases： risks or benefits of calcium channel blockers？ Kidney Int。 1998：53：1559-1573
33. Locate11i F Carbarns IR。 Maschio G，et al.Long-term Progression of chronic renalinsufficiency in the AIPRI Extension Study： the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition in Progressive Renal Insufficiency Study Group。 Kidney Int.1997；63 ： S63-S66
, http://www.100md.com
34.Ruggenenti P Perna A， Benini R， Remuzzi G， Effects of dihydropyn jine carcum channe1 blockers， angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition， and blood pressure control on chronic，nondiabetic nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1998； 9：2096-2101
35.Reardon LC， Macpherson DS. Hyperkalemia in outpatients using angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors ： how much should we worry？ Arch Intern Med l 998： 1 5 8 ：26-32
36.Rodby RA，Rohde R，Evans J，Bain RP Mulcahy WS Lewis EJ.The study of the effect of intensity of blood pressure management on the progression of type l diabetic nephropathy：study design and baseline patient characteristics， Collaborative Study Group. J Am Soc Nep6o1。 1995； 5：1775-1781
, http://www.100md.com
37.Gansevoort RT DeZeeuw D， Shahintar S,Redfield A， de Jong PE， Effects of the angiotensin Ⅱ antagonist losartan in hypertensive patients with renal disease， J Hypertens. 1994； 12 (suppl 2)S-37一S-42
38.Bakris GL， Siomos M， Kasprowicz S， et a1. Differential effects of ACE inhibitors and angiotensin-1 receptor blockers on potassium homeostasis in nephropathy [abstract]. Am J Hypertens.1999；12：36A
39.Brown SA， Brown CA， Single一nephron adaptations to partial renal ablation in cats. Am J Physiol. 1995；269(5pt 2)： R 1002-Rl008
, 百拇医药
40.Yoshioka1Shiraga H， Yoshida Y, et a1。"Intact nephrons" as the primary origin of proteinuria in chronic renal disease： study in the rat model of subtotal nephrectomy。J C1in Invest. 1988；82：1614-1623
41.Tarif N， Bakris GL。 Angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blockade and progression of renal disease in nondiabetic patients. Kidney Int. 1997； 52 (suppl 63)：S-67-S-70
42.Bakris GL， Barnhill BW， Sadler R。 Treatment of arterial hypertension in diabetic man： importance of therapeutic selection。 Kidney. Int l992； 41 ：912-919
, 百拇医药
43.Griffin KA，Picken MM， Bidani AK，Deleterious effects of calcium channel blockade on pressure transmission and glomerular injury in rat remnant kidneys J Clin Invest. 1 995；96：793- 800
44. Griffin KA。Picken MM,Bakris GL。Bidani AK。Class difference in the effects of calcium channel blockers in the rat remnant kidney model.Kidney Int 1999;55:1849-1860
45.Tieize IN， Sorensen SS， Ivarsen PR， Nielsen CB， Pedersen EB。 Impaired renal hemodynamic response to amino acid infusion in essential hypertension during angiotensin converting enzymeinhibitor treatment.J Hypertens.1997；15：551-560
, http://www.100md.com
46.Herrera J. Rodriguez一Iturbe B. Stimulation of tubular secretion of creatinine in health and in conditions associated with reduced nephron mass： evidence for a tubular functional reserve。 Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1998； 13：623-629
47.Bohler J. Woitas R， Keller E， Reetze-Bonorden P, Schollmeyer PJ. Effect of nifedipine and captopril on glomerular hyperfiltration in normotensive man.. Am J Kidney Dis. 1992； 20：132-139
48.Jaffa AA,Vio CP Silva RH, et al. Evidence for renal kinins as mediators of amino acidinduced hyperperfusion and hyperfiltration in the rat. J Clin Invest. 1992； 89： 1460- l468
, 百拇医药
49.Messerli FH， Grossman E， Goldbourt U， Are beta-blockers efficacious as firstline therapy for hypertension in the elderly？ a systematic review。 JAMA I 998； 279： 1 903- 1 907
50.Garber L， Walton C， Brown S， Bakris G Effects of different antihypertensive treatments on morphologic progression of diabetic nephropathy in uninephrectomized dogs. Kidney Int 1994：46：161-169
51.Rabelink TJ， Bakris GL。 The rennin-angiotensin system in diabetic nephropathy； the endothelial connection。 Miner Electrolyte Metab l998：24：381-388
, 百拇医药
52.Mancini GB， Henry GC， Macaya C， et a1. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition with quinapril improves endothelial vasomotor dysfunction in patients with coronary arlerv disease：the TREND (Trial on Reversing ENdotheliaI Dysfunction ) study. Circulation。1996； 94：258-265
53.The CONSENSUS Tria1 Study Group. Effect of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure： results of the Cooperative North Scandinavia Enalapri1 Surviva1 Study. N Engl Med J 1987：316：1429-1435, http://www.100md.com(George L. Bakris, MD; Matthew R. Weir, MD)
2. Taylor Nelson Healthcare， Epson Survey. London， England： Copyright Cardiomonitor,1 992
3.Lazarus JM，Bourgoignie JJ，Buckalew VM，et a1， for the MDRD Group Achievement and safety of a low blood pressure goal in chronic renal disease：the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group. Hypertension， 1997；29：641-650
, http://www.100md.com
4.Weir MR。Chrysant SG，McCarron DA，et a1。1nfluence of race and dietary salt on the antihy-pertensive efficacy of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or a calcium channel an tagonist in salt-sensitive hypertensives. Hypertension。 1998；31：10881096
5. BaI1 SG, Hall AS，Murray GD，ACE inhibition，atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction一the AIRE Study in practice：Acute Infarction Ramipril Efficacy Study.Eur Heart J,1994, 15(suppl B)：20-25。
, http://www.100md.com
6.Pfeffer MA，Braunwald E，Moye LA，et al，Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction：results of the survival and ventricular enlargement tria1.N Engl J Med. 1992；327：669-677。
7. Gustafsson F，Kober L，Torp一pedersen C，et a1. Long-term prognosis after acute myocardial infarction in patients with a history of arterial hypertension：TRACE study group.Eur Heart J. 1998： 19：588-594。
, http://www.100md.com
8. Bakris GL，Copley JB，Vicknair N，Sadler R，Leurgans S.Calcium channel blockers versus other antihypertensive therapies on progression of NIDDM associated nephropathy：results of a six year study. Kidney Int，1996；50： 1 641-1650。
9. Maschio G，Alberti D，Janin G，et a1. Effect of the angiotensin一converting-enzyme inhibitor benazepril on the progression of chronic renal insufficiency：the Angiotensin一Converting· Enzyme Inhibition in Progressive Renal Disease tria1.N Engl J Med. 1996；334：939-945。
, 百拇医药
10. The GISEN Group.Randomised placebo一controlled trial of effect of ramipril on decline in glomerular filtration rate and risk of terminal renal failure in proteinuric，non一diabetic nephr一 opathy， Lancet. 1997；349： 1857-1863。
11. Hebert LA，Bain RP，Veme D，for the Collaborative Study Group. Remission of nephrotic range proteinuria in type l diabetes.Kidney Int. 1994；46： 1688-1693
12.Lewis EJ， Hunsicker LG。 Bain RP Rohde RD， for the Collaborative Study Group. The effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition on diabetic nephropathy N Engl J Med. 1993：329；1456-1462
, 百拇医药
13.Lebovitz HE。 Wiegmann TB。 Cnaan A， et a1. Rena1 protective effects of enalapril in hypertensive NIDDM： role of baseline albuminuria； Kidney Int. 1994； 45 (suppl 45)： S-150 -S155
14.Hannedouche T.Landais P Goldfarb B， et al. Randomised controlled trial of enalapril and beta b1ockers in non一diabetic chronic renal tailure。 BMJ. 1994； 309：833-837
15.Pitt B。 Segal R。 Martinez FA， et a1. Randomized trial of losartan versus captopril in patients over 65 with heart failure (Evaluation of Losartan in the Elderly Study， ELITE ). Lancet l 997 ；349：747-752
, 百拇医药
16.Bjorck S Mulec H， Johnsen SA， Norden G， Aurell M， Rena1 protective effect of enalapril in diabetic nephropathy。 BMJ 1992； 304： 339-343
17.Zucchelli P Zuccala A， Borghi M， et al Long-term comparison between captopril and nifedipine in the progression of renal insufficiency. Kidney Int. 1992； 42：452458。
18.Kamper AL， Strandgaard8， Leyssac PP. Effect of enalapril on the progression of chronic renal failure。 Am J Hvpertens. 1 992；5 ：423-430
, http://www.100md.com
19.Ih1e BU。 Whitworth JA。 Shahinfar S. Cnaan A， Kincaid-Smith PS. Becker GJ. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in non-diabetic progressive renal insufficiency：a controlled double-blinded tria1. Am J Kidney Dis.1996；27：489-495
20.Alderman CP Adverse effects of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. Ann Pharmacother 1996：30：55-61
21.Toto RD。 Renal insufficiency due to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Miner Electro1yte Metab l994；20：193-200
, 百拇医药
22.Anderson S， Rennke HG， Brenner BM。 Nifedipine versus fosinopril in uninephrectomized diabetic rats. Kidney Int. 1992： 41：891-897
23.Christensen PK。 Hansen HP, Parving HH。 Impaired autoregulation of GFR in hypertensive non-insulin dependent diabetic patients. Kidney Int. 1997； 52： 1369-1374
24.Bidani AK。 Griffin KA。 Plott W。 Schwartz MM。 Renal ablation acutely transforms "benign " hypertension to"malignant" nephrosclerosis in hypertensive rats. Hypertension， 1994；24：309-316。
, http://www.100md.com
25.Levey A。 Short-term effects of protein intake， blood pressure，and antihypertensive therapy on glomerular liltration rate in the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study. J Am Soc Nephro1. 1996；7：2097-2109
26.Hansen HP Rossing P, Tamow L， Nielsen FS， Jensen BR， Parving HH， Increased glomerular filtration rate after withdrawal of long-term antihypertensive treatment in diabetic nephrophthy。Kidney Int. 1995：47： 1726-1 731
27.Lewis EJ， Hunsicker LG， Bain RP Rohde RD， The effect of angiotensin -converting-enzyme inhibition on diabetic nephropathy： the Collaborative Study Group ( published erratum appears In N Engl J Med. 1994；330： 152).N Engl J Med l993； 329： 1456-1462
, http://www.100md.com
28.Nielsen FS. Rossing P GaII MA。 Skott P Smidt UM， Parving HH。 Impact of lisinopril and atenolo on kidney function in hypertensive NIDDM subjects with diabetic nephropathy。Diabetes 1994：43：1108-1113
29.Bakris GL。 Short and long-term effects of ACE inhibitors on progression of renal disease。 Nephrology. 1 997； 3 (suppl 1):S40
30.Keane WF Ekoyan G。For the PARADE Committee.Proteinuria,albuminuria，risk assessme1nt detection， elimination (PARADE)： a position paper of the National Kidney Foundation Am J Kidney Dis.1999；33：1004-1010.
, 百拇医药
31.Remuzzi G， Ruggenenti P, Benigni A Understanding the nature of renal disease progression。 Kidney Int.1997.51：2-5
32.Kloke HJ. Branten AJ， Huysmans FT， Wetzels JF。 Antihypertensive treatment of patients with proteinuric renal diseases： risks or benefits of calcium channel blockers？ Kidney Int。 1998：53：1559-1573
33. Locate11i F Carbarns IR。 Maschio G，et al.Long-term Progression of chronic renalinsufficiency in the AIPRI Extension Study： the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition in Progressive Renal Insufficiency Study Group。 Kidney Int.1997；63 ： S63-S66
, http://www.100md.com
34.Ruggenenti P Perna A， Benini R， Remuzzi G， Effects of dihydropyn jine carcum channe1 blockers， angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition， and blood pressure control on chronic，nondiabetic nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1998； 9：2096-2101
35.Reardon LC， Macpherson DS. Hyperkalemia in outpatients using angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors ： how much should we worry？ Arch Intern Med l 998： 1 5 8 ：26-32
36.Rodby RA，Rohde R，Evans J，Bain RP Mulcahy WS Lewis EJ.The study of the effect of intensity of blood pressure management on the progression of type l diabetic nephropathy：study design and baseline patient characteristics， Collaborative Study Group. J Am Soc Nep6o1。 1995； 5：1775-1781
, http://www.100md.com
37.Gansevoort RT DeZeeuw D， Shahintar S,Redfield A， de Jong PE， Effects of the angiotensin Ⅱ antagonist losartan in hypertensive patients with renal disease， J Hypertens. 1994； 12 (suppl 2)S-37一S-42
38.Bakris GL， Siomos M， Kasprowicz S， et a1. Differential effects of ACE inhibitors and angiotensin-1 receptor blockers on potassium homeostasis in nephropathy [abstract]. Am J Hypertens.1999；12：36A
39.Brown SA， Brown CA， Single一nephron adaptations to partial renal ablation in cats. Am J Physiol. 1995；269(5pt 2)： R 1002-Rl008
, 百拇医药
40.Yoshioka1Shiraga H， Yoshida Y, et a1。"Intact nephrons" as the primary origin of proteinuria in chronic renal disease： study in the rat model of subtotal nephrectomy。J C1in Invest. 1988；82：1614-1623
41.Tarif N， Bakris GL。 Angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blockade and progression of renal disease in nondiabetic patients. Kidney Int. 1997； 52 (suppl 63)：S-67-S-70
42.Bakris GL， Barnhill BW， Sadler R。 Treatment of arterial hypertension in diabetic man： importance of therapeutic selection。 Kidney. Int l992； 41 ：912-919
, 百拇医药
43.Griffin KA，Picken MM， Bidani AK，Deleterious effects of calcium channel blockade on pressure transmission and glomerular injury in rat remnant kidneys J Clin Invest. 1 995；96：793- 800
44. Griffin KA。Picken MM,Bakris GL。Bidani AK。Class difference in the effects of calcium channel blockers in the rat remnant kidney model.Kidney Int 1999;55:1849-1860
45.Tieize IN， Sorensen SS， Ivarsen PR， Nielsen CB， Pedersen EB。 Impaired renal hemodynamic response to amino acid infusion in essential hypertension during angiotensin converting enzymeinhibitor treatment.J Hypertens.1997；15：551-560
, http://www.100md.com
46.Herrera J. Rodriguez一Iturbe B. Stimulation of tubular secretion of creatinine in health and in conditions associated with reduced nephron mass： evidence for a tubular functional reserve。 Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1998； 13：623-629
47.Bohler J. Woitas R， Keller E， Reetze-Bonorden P, Schollmeyer PJ. Effect of nifedipine and captopril on glomerular hyperfiltration in normotensive man.. Am J Kidney Dis. 1992； 20：132-139
48.Jaffa AA,Vio CP Silva RH, et al. Evidence for renal kinins as mediators of amino acidinduced hyperperfusion and hyperfiltration in the rat. J Clin Invest. 1992； 89： 1460- l468
, 百拇医药
49.Messerli FH， Grossman E， Goldbourt U， Are beta-blockers efficacious as firstline therapy for hypertension in the elderly？ a systematic review。 JAMA I 998； 279： 1 903- 1 907
50.Garber L， Walton C， Brown S， Bakris G Effects of different antihypertensive treatments on morphologic progression of diabetic nephropathy in uninephrectomized dogs. Kidney Int 1994：46：161-169
51.Rabelink TJ， Bakris GL。 The rennin-angiotensin system in diabetic nephropathy； the endothelial connection。 Miner Electrolyte Metab l998：24：381-388
, 百拇医药
52.Mancini GB， Henry GC， Macaya C， et a1. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition with quinapril improves endothelial vasomotor dysfunction in patients with coronary arlerv disease：the TREND (Trial on Reversing ENdotheliaI Dysfunction ) study. Circulation。1996； 94：258-265
53.The CONSENSUS Tria1 Study Group. Effect of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure： results of the Cooperative North Scandinavia Enalapri1 Surviva1 Study. N Engl Med J 1987：316：1429-1435, http://www.100md.com(George L. Bakris, MD; Matthew R. Weir, MD)