Intuitive-Humanist Approaches
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2004年4月17日
Intuitive-Humanist Approaches
The opposite of the information processing approach can be termed the intuitive-humanist model of decision making. In this approach the motivational force for a decision is not the decision ‘task’ faced. Rather, the shape of the decision is dependent on the individual undertaking it. Various definitions of intution or intuitive decision making have been advanced:
• ‘understanding without a rationale’(Benner & Tanner, 1987)
• ‘a perception of possibilities, meanings and relationships by way of insight’(Gerrity, 1987)
• ‘knowledge of a fact or truth, as a whole; immediate possession of knowledge; and knowledge independent of the linear reasoning process’(Rew & Barron, 1987)
• ‘immediate knowing of something without the conscious use of reason’(Schrader & Fischer, 1987)
• ‘[a]…process whereby the nurse knows something about a patient that cannot be verbalized, that is verbalized with difficulty or for which the source of knowledge cannot be determined.’(Young, 1987)
In the intuitive model an expert decision maker has no reliance on guiding rules or maxims and an intuitive grasp of situations, only falling back on hypethetico deductive logic when new or unexpected challenges arise.
This decision making model has proved very influential in nursing and nurse education, due mainly to the operationalisation of the ideas of Patricia Benner and her adaptation of the work of the Dreyfus’ (1986) on skills acquisition., 百拇医药
The opposite of the information processing approach can be termed the intuitive-humanist model of decision making. In this approach the motivational force for a decision is not the decision ‘task’ faced. Rather, the shape of the decision is dependent on the individual undertaking it. Various definitions of intution or intuitive decision making have been advanced:
• ‘understanding without a rationale’(Benner & Tanner, 1987)
• ‘a perception of possibilities, meanings and relationships by way of insight’(Gerrity, 1987)
• ‘knowledge of a fact or truth, as a whole; immediate possession of knowledge; and knowledge independent of the linear reasoning process’(Rew & Barron, 1987)
• ‘immediate knowing of something without the conscious use of reason’(Schrader & Fischer, 1987)
• ‘[a]…process whereby the nurse knows something about a patient that cannot be verbalized, that is verbalized with difficulty or for which the source of knowledge cannot be determined.’(Young, 1987)
In the intuitive model an expert decision maker has no reliance on guiding rules or maxims and an intuitive grasp of situations, only falling back on hypethetico deductive logic when new or unexpected challenges arise.
This decision making model has proved very influential in nursing and nurse education, due mainly to the operationalisation of the ideas of Patricia Benner and her adaptation of the work of the Dreyfus’ (1986) on skills acquisition., 百拇医药