傅延龄 丁晓刚 李德威

    摘要：脏腑概念的含义在历史上经历过一次由解剖器官到整体功能单位的演变。这种演变发生后，脏腑便只是机体的整体功能单位，而不再是解剖器官。但是，脏腑虽然已演变为功能单位，其原有解剖器官的含义却长久地残留下来，二种含义错综糅杂，混乱不清。这是因为：其一，功能单位的脏腑是在解剖器官的基础上添加了一些新内容而形成；其二，脏腑概念含义的演变是在没有为古代医家清楚意识到的情况下发生的；其三，西方医学中译时脏腑名称被误用为解剖器官名称。脏腑含义混乱的情况严重地阻碍着中医学与现代生命科学的交流，影响着中医理论医学和临床医学的发展和进步。笔者建议将脏腑概念的二种含义从名称上分离开来，让心肝脾肺肾等名称仍作为解剖器官的命名，另为功能单位的脏腑创立一套新的名称。至于英译，解剖器官的心肝脾肺肾等应当一仍旧译，而功能单位的脏腑名称最好采用音译。

    关键词：脏腑；概念；命名

    中图分类号：R223.1

    A Discussion on the Concepts and Names of Zang-fu

    Fu Yanling(傅延龄), Ding Xiaogang(丁晓刚), Li Dewei(李德威)

    (Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029)

    In Chinese medicine, the zang-fu terms, which include xin, gan, pi, fei, shen and so on, were originally used to refer to the anatomical organs of human body, for example, xin was heart, gan was liver, fei was lung, shen was kidney, etc. But after being applied for a long period, the meanings of these terms were greatly changed. They were no longer anatomical terms, but the names of functional units of human body. For example, xin referred to the functional unit which is mainly composed of the activities of central nervous system and blood circulation; fei referred to the functional unit mainly of respiratory activities and body fluid metabolism. All these changes happened gradually but had not been recognized clearly by people, even by medical experts. When western midicine was introduced into China, and when Chinese medicine was introduced into western world, zang-fu terms of Chinese medicine and anatomical terms of western medicine became confusing. Nowadays the confusion has become even more serious and greatly influences the development of Chinese medicine and the exchange between Chinese medicine and western medicine. The best way to solve the problem is to invent new terms of Zang-fu (functional units) both in Chinese and English. It was suggested to invent new Chinese characters, then to translate them into English or other languages according to their Chinese pronunciation. ......