腰骶干及其周围结构的应用解剖学研究
股神经,,腰骶干；股神经；闭孔神经；骶丛；应用解剖,1材料及方法,2结果,3讨论,参考文献：
摘要: 目的： 研究腰骶干及其周围结构的特点，为腰骶干损害的诊治及相邻区域的手术操作提供解剖学资料。方法：对31具(33侧)成人尸体腰骶干及周围的结构特点进行观察，对具有临床意义的数据进行解剖学测量。结果：(1)腰骶干本身变异极大,单独加入骶丛的L5神经的走行方向和毗邻关系与腰骶干基本相同。(2)腰骶干最易损伤的部位是在骶骨翼上缘。(3)探查腰骶干时应注意辨认和处理髂腰动脉。(4)髂腰韧带前方是L4神经、股神经、闭孔神经和交通支的易损点。(5)L4横突距腰骶干和L5神经较远，骨折后对其造成损害的可能性不大。结论：腰骶干本身变异较大，在探查腰骶干时应以单独加入骶丛的L5神经的解剖走行为准。腰骶干、股神经、闭孔神经都有其易损伤部位，探查时应首先探查易损点。关键词: 腰骶干；股神经；闭孔神经；骶丛；应用解剖
Applied anatomy of lumbosacral trunks and the structure in its adjacent areas
YANG Desheng, BAI Jingping, Xilinbaoleri, et al
(Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University,Urumqi 830054, China)
Abstract: Objective: To provide anatomical data for the diagnosis and treatment of the lesion of lumbosacral trunk and for the operation technique of its adjacent areas. Methods: To observe the lumbosacral trunks and the characteristic of the structure around them in 31 adult cadaver specimens (33 examples), and measure anatomically the data significant to the clinic. Results: There are great variations in the lumbosacral trunk itself. The runs and adjacent relations of the nerve L5 joins the plexus sacralis alone are similar to the lumbosacral trunk. The most vulnerable part of the lumbosacral trunk lies in the upper fringe of the alae sacri. Attention should be focused on the identification and treatment of the tenuous iliac artery while exploring the lumbosacral trunks. The nerver L4, the femoral nerve, the obturator nerve and the communicating branch are liable to be injuried in the front of the ligamentum iliolumbale. The L4 transverse process is far from the initiation part of the nerve preramus L5 and there is no great possibility to create damage to it after the fracture. Conclusions: The variations in the lumbosacral trunk itself are great, so exploring the lumbosacral trunk should be subject to the anatomy of the nerve L5 which joins the plexus sacralis alone. The lumbosacral trunk, the femoral nerve and the obturator nerve all have their vulnerable parts, so priority should be given to them while exploring. ......
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