【摘要】 心肌缺血预处理(ischemic preconditioning，IP)是指反复短暂的缺血发作可以使心肌在后续性较长时程缺血中得到保护，从而减少心肌缺血再灌注(ischemic reperfusion，I/R)所引起的心肌细胞损伤，增加心肌细胞对缺血缺氧的耐受能力。其表现为，I/R后心肌梗死面积的减小，心律失常发生率降低，并促进再灌注后心肌功能的恢复等。本综述从细胞信号传导学说入手，以经典相为例，重点阐述缺血预处理发生时心肌细胞内涉及的触发因子、中介因子和效应子三个环节，以探讨缺血预处理的机制，企盼有助于进一步扩大临床应用规模，以利于临床防治缺血性心脏病。如对IP模拟药物的研制等。

    【关键词】 心肌缺血；缺血预处理(IP)；缺血再灌注(I/R)；临床应用

    【Abstract】 Ischemic preconditioning (IP) is defined as the adapted protective mechanism induced by short periods of temporary ischemic stress which results a marked resistance of the myocardium to a subsequent more prolonged period of the same stress.This protection induced reductions in ischemic reperfusion (I/R) injury in cardiomyocytes and increases the tolerant ability to hypoxia.During ischemic reperfusion it is associated with smaller infarction size，less cardiac arrhythmias，and better myocardial function recovering，etc.This review studies the mechanism of IP and its clinical application nowadays:from the cellular signal transduction theory，putting the emphasize on trigger factor，mediated factor and effect factor，which will be hoped greatly using in ischemic heart disease precaution and treatment to receive a new outbreak for example ......