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急性分离大鼠新皮层神经元KATP通道的多电导状态
http://www.100md.com 《第一军医大学学报》 1999年第5期
     作者:肖中举 苏 平 高天明 佟振清

    单位:第一军医大学生理教研室,广州,510515

    关键词:亚电导;ATP敏感钾通道;皮层神经元

    第一军医大学学报990511 摘要:在193例急性分离大鼠皮层神经元内面向外式记录膜片上,记录到2例能为ATP和优降糖所阻断的含有亚电导的通道电流。其电流幅度分布直方图符合高斯分布,并能很好地进行二级拟合;主电导水平分别为191.8 pS 和194.5 pS,亚电导水平分别为153.2 pS和116.1 pS;亚电导成份分别占单位事件总数的35.05%和29.84%;通道活动呈高电流水平与低电流水平交替开放状态,没有高低电流叠合现象。这些结果表明这种KATP通道的多电导开放电流不是两个或多个独立通道的开放所致,而是同一通道的不同亚型状态交互活动(即高电导和低电导状态相互转换)的表现。从而提示神经细胞膜上的KATP通道可能受某种或某些膜内外环境的变化影响导致其构象改变,从而引发多种亚型交替活动现象。
, 百拇医药
    中图分类号:R338.8

    Multiple conductance states of ATP-sensitive potassium channel in acutely dissociated cerebral neurons of ratsXiao Zhongju, Shu Ping, Gao Tianming, Tong Zhenqing

    Department of Physiological, First Military Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515

    Abstract: Two subconductance states in ATP-sensitive potassium channels were recorded in 193 inside-out patches in acutely dissociated cerebral neurons of rats. The single-channel currents with one subconductance were completely suppressed by ATP and glibenclamide, and the distribution of its two current amplitudes was fitted with the sum of two Gaussian components. The main conductances were 191.8 pS and 194.5 pS respectively, and the subconductances were 153.2 pS and 116.1 pS, and there were 35.05% and 29.84% events in each two epsodes. The currents with main conductance interlaced with those with subconductance, and one did not overlap with the another. It was indicated that the multiple conductance channel currents were not due to two or more single channel openings, but due to interlacing activity different subconductance states of a single channel. It is suggested that some factors inside or outside membrane could induce the conformational change of neuronal membrance, leading to interlacing activity of a single KATP channel with two conductance states.
, 百拇医药
    Key words: subconductance; ATP-sensitive K+ channel; cerebral neurons

    就我们所阅读的数百篇关于ATP敏感钾(KATP)通道文献来看,运用膜片钳技术所记录到的KATP通道特性多有不同;检索Medline1988以来的文献,报导离子通道亚电导(subconductance)特性的只有5篇[1~5],只1篇报道KATP通道亚电导特性。我室在研究急性分离大鼠皮层神经元上KATP通道时,记录到KATP通道的亚电导状态,介绍如下。

    1 材料和方法

    1.1 大鼠皮层神经元的急性分离 取3~7日龄Sprague-Dawley大鼠,断头取大脑皮层,切成厚约0.4 mm的冠状脑片,置于通有95%O2和5%CO2混合气体的人工脑脊液[ACSF(mmol/L):NaCl 142, KCl 5, CaCl2 2, MgSO4 2, D-Glucose 10, HEPES 10, pH 7.3] 中孵育1 h后,再在通有95%O2和5%CO2混合气体的0.1%胰蛋白酶(用ACSF配制)溶液中消化30 min。消化好的脑片以ACSF冲洗、剪碎,于ACSF中以玻璃吸管吹打成细胞悬液,并移数滴至覆盖有多聚赖氨酸的盖玻片上,待细胞贴壁后,置浴槽进行实验。浴槽液成分为(mmol/L):KCl 140, CaCl2 0.9, EGTA 1, MgCl2 1, HEPES 10, pH 7.3(KOH)。整个实验在18~25℃下进行。
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    1.2 单通道电流记录 采用膜片钳技术的内面向外式方法记录单通道电流。经火抛光的玻璃微电极尖端直径0.6~1 m m,电阻8~10 MW ,微电极内充灌电极内液(mmol/L):KCl 140,CaCl2 2, EGTA 1, MgCl2 1, CdCl2 0.2, HEPES 10, pH 7.3(KOH)。玻璃微电极由氯化银乏极化电极与CEZ-2200膜片钳放大器(日本光电公司)连接电流信号通过四级低通滤波器滤波(频率1~3 kHz)后,以RMG-5204四通磁带记录仪(日本光电公司)记录。

    1.3 实验步骤 玻璃微电极经微电极操纵器(PF5-1, Narishige)推入浴槽与细胞接近,轻抽吸微电极,使细胞膜与玻璃微电极尖端紧密封接(电阻>10 GW );然后快速提起微电极,使电极下的膜片与细胞分离,形成内面向外式记录形式。由膜片钳放大器在+80~-80 mV范围内逐级(10 mV)输出钳位电压,观察膜片上离子通道电流。然后于浴槽中加入 ATP (2 mmol/L)和优降糖(0.1 mmol/L),观察ATP和Glib 对通道电流的阻断作用。
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    1.4 实验试剂多聚赖氨酸 (Poly-L-lysine)、胰蛋白酶 (Trypsin)、三磷酸腺苷钾盐 (K2-ATP)、优降糖、氯化镉 (CdCl2)均来源于Sigma公司,EGTA进口分装,HEPES日本Dojindo,其余试剂来自国内制剂公司。

    1.5 数据分析 用TL-1型125 kHz Labmaster DMA数据采集系统接口和Pclamp (5.5.1 Axon Instrunent USA)采集程序将原始数据采入计算机(Casper, PC 386/33),以 Pclamp分析程序进行自动测量及分析。采样频率5~10 kHz,测量开关忽视水平300 m s。

    2 结果

    2.1 通道电流及电导 在近193例内面向外式记录膜片上,仅记录到2例能为ATP和优降糖所阻断的含有亚电导的通道电流;1例在Vp = -20 mV时,高电流水平为-3.836 pA,低电流水平为-3.064 pA(图1),另1例在Vp = +40 mV时,两电流水平分别为7.78 pA、4.644 pA。高低电流无重叠,呈独立交替出现;其电流幅度分布直方图符合高斯分布,并能很好地进行二级拟合(图2),其主电导水平分别为191.8 pS 和194.5 pS,亚电导水平分别为153.2 pS和116.1 pS;亚电导成分分别占单位事件总数的35.05%和29.84%,均比主电导状态出现的概率低。
, 百拇医药
    图1 膜片钳位电压-20 mV时KATP通道的双电导状态

    Fig .1 Two conductance states observed in a single KATP channel at patch membrance potential of —20 mV

    Openings were downward. Subconductance state indicated by underlining

    图2 膜内面向外记录的单通道电流直方图

    Fig. 2 Amplitude histogram of single channel currents in one inside-out patchThe two peaks in the distrbutions of current amplitudes were fitted by the sum of two Gaussian components. Vp=+40mV
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    2.2 ATP和优降糖对通道电流的阻断 2例含有亚电导的通道电流均能被2 mmol/L ATP及0.1 mmol/L 优降糖所阻断(图3)。

    图3 ATP和优降糖对双电导单通道电流的阻断作用

    Fig .3 Single channel currents with two subconductance states blocked by ATP and glibenclamide (Glib)A: Control; B: after application of ATP; C: after application of Glib

    3 讨论

    本实验采取膜内外对称高K+浓度(140 mmol /L),电极液和浴槽液均不含Na+,用CdCl2阻断膜片上Ca2+通道,因此所记录到的通道电流不可能是Na+和Ca2+离子通道电流;而Cl-通道电导极大(约400~430 pS)一般在内面向外式膜片上不易记录到[1],故实验所记录到的通道电流为K+通道电流。该钾通道电流能被ATP及KATP通道特异性阻断剂优降糖所阻断,即可确定该通道为ATP敏感钾通道。
, 百拇医药
    本实验膜内面向外式记录的含亚电导状态的主电导在200 pS左右,与我们所记录的单电导KATP通道的电导水平一致。通道活动呈高电流水平与低电流水平交替开放状态,没有高低电流叠合现象;如两电导水平各属不同的通道,即便是同时一致开放的概率很低,在长时间的记录中也应有叠合电流出现;表明这种KATP通道的多电导开放电流不是两个或多个独立通道的开放所致,而是同一通道的不同亚型状态交互活动(即高电导和低电导状态相互转换)的表现。

    Harata[2]近来报导在大鼠CA1锥体神经元上GABA激活Cl-通道有三种亚电导状态,Thrower [1]、Hernandez [3]及Morris [4]等记录到Ca2+通道也有多种亚电导状态,但均没阐述其机制;Fan [5]在心肌细胞胞浆酸化时,记录到多电导(multiple conductance)的ATP敏感钾通道电流,并认为pH下降到6.5以下时,可能因KATP通道构型变化而引起单通道多电导状态。由此我们推测:神经细胞膜上的KATP通道可能受某种或某些膜内外环境的变化影响导致其构象改变,从而引发单通道多种电导交替活动现象。其详细机制尚需进一步研究。
, 百拇医药
    作者简介:肖中举,男,1965年出生;硕士,讲师;电话85148363

    参考文献

    1 Thrower EC, Duclohier H, Lea EJ et al. The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-gated Ca2+ channel: effect of the protein thiol reagent thimerosal on channel activity. Biochem J, 1996,318(Pt 1): 61

    2 Harata N, Wu J, Ishibashi H et al. Run-down of the GABA response under experimental ischaemia in acutely dissociated CA1 pyramidal neurones of the rat. J Physiol (Lond), 1997,500(Pt 3): 673
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    3 Hernndez Cruz A, Daz Muoz M, Gmez Chavarn M et al. Properties of the ryanodine-sensitive release channels that underlie caffeine-induced Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular stores in mammalian sympathetic neurons. Eur J Neurosci,1995,7(8): 1684
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    4 Morris AP,Frizzell RA. Ca2+-dependent Cl- channels in undifferentiated human colonic cells (HT-29). II. Regulation and rundown. Am J Physiol, 1993, 264(Pt 1): C977

    5 Fan Z, Furukawa T, Sawanobori T et al. Cytoplasmic acidosis induces multiple conductance states in ATP-sensitive potassium channels of cardiac myocytes. J membr Biol,1993,136(2): 169

    (收稿日期:1998-09-29), http://www.100md.com