低剂量阴道用米索前列醇配伍米非司酮中期妊娠引产的研究
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山东医科大学学报 2000年第1期第38卷 论著
作者:孙嘉珍 孟广鸾 徐永萍 曹 为 朱 琳
单位:1山东医科大学第二附属医院妇产科 2济南市中心医院妇产科
关键词:米非司酮;米索前列醇;妊娠中期;引产
山东医科大学000123摘 要:比较低剂量米索前列醇阴道用药配伍口服用药米非司酮中期妊娠引产的临床效果,寻求较为合理的给药途径和用药剂量。 方法:116例引产的中期妊娠孕妇分为阴道组(60例)和口服组(56例)。两组均经米非司酮(150mg)预治疗后,于第3天17时分别给予米索前列醇200ug放入阴道后穹隆或口服,次晨流产未完成者同途径追加200ug,每隔3~4h重复1次。 结果:阴道组和口服组的总引产成功率无显著差异(98.33%,96.48%,P>0.05),但是米索前列醇1次用药的成功率两组有显著差异(70.00%,17.86%,P<0.01)。平均用药次数分别为1.44次和3次,平均用药量分别为292ug和746ug(P<0.01)。随着孕龄增加,用药至流产的时间延长,相关系数(r)=0.9116。产后出血量、月经恢复的日期及副作用两组均无明显差异。 结论:低剂量阴道用米索前列醇配伍束非司酮用于中期妊娠引产较口服用药具有效果好、安全、剂量小、用药次数少的优点,是较为理想的用药途径。
, 百拇医药
分类号:R719.3+1 文献标识码:A
文章编号:1000-0496(2000)01-0069-03
STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SMALL DOSAGE VAGINAL MISOPROSTOL IN THE TERMINATION OF SECOND-TRIMESTER PREGNANCY
SUN Jia-zhen,MENG Guang-luan,XU Yong-ping
(Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Medical University)
Abstract:To compare the effectiveness of vaginal with oral Misoprostol in the termination of second-trimester pregnancy after pretreatment with Mifepristone and to search for a more effective administration route. Methods: 116 women asking for termination of second-trimester pregnancy were randomized into two groups: 1 ) the vaginal group (n=60) and 2) the oral group (n = 56). All woen received Mifepristone (150mg) in the first three days. At 5pm of the third day,they were given Misoprostol (200ug) either vaginally or orally. The next morning,if the abortion was not effected,additional doses were given by the same route every3-4 hours. Results: There were no significant differences in the percentage of women aborting with in 48 hours after the first dosage of Misoprostol was used (98.33% vs 96.48% P>0.05), but the percentage of women aborting within 12 hours in group 1 was significantly higher than that in group 2(70% vs 17.86% P<0.01). The average doses of Misoprostol in group 1 was 1.44 ,and in the oral group 3. The mean amount of the drug given group 1 was remarkably less than that in group 2 (292ug vs 746ug,P<0.01). The interval from the first dose of Misoprostaol to abortion was prolonged with the increase of gestational age (r) =0.9116, but there were no significant differences between the 2 groups in the amount of postabortion hemorrhage,the instances of side effects and the days from termination of pregnancy to the first menstruation. Conclusion:Being more effective,safer and requiring smaller dosage ,Misoprostol used vaginally had more advantages in the termination of second-trimester pregnancy than it was used orally,and may be a more ideal route for the administration of the drug.
, 百拇医药
Keywords:Mifepristone;Misoprostol;Pregnancy;trimester,second;Labor induced 米非司酮(Mifepristone,Ru486)配伍米索前列醇(Misoprostol)应用于中期妊娠引产近年来国内外已有报告,引产成功率为94.3%~97.1%,但口服米索前列醇的剂量均较大,副反应明显,药物清除快,血药浓度不能维持理想时间。为此,对米非司酮预治疗后采用米索前列醇序贯阴道用药与口服用药的中期妊娠引产效果进行临床研究,以寻求较为合理的用药剂量及给药途径。1资料与方法1.1病例与分组阴道组:60例,年龄(25.97±3.76)岁(20~39岁),初孕率56.67%,孕周(17.87土3.26)w(12~24w)。口服组:56例,年龄(24.54土3.21)岁(20~39岁),初孕率67.79%,孕周(17.11土3.11)w(12~24w)。两组具有可比性。1.2给药方法米非司酮(上海华联制药公司生产,25mg/片),米索前列醇(澳大利亚Searle公司生产,200ug/片)。阴道组:米非司酮25mg,2/d,饭前或饭后2h服,连服3d。第3天17时将200ug米索前列醇片粉碎后放人阴道后穹隆,夜间不再续加药物,观察15h,若次晨流产未完成,同法续加米索前列醇200ug,以后每隔3~4h续加200ug。口服组:米非司酮用药同阴道组,米索前列醇空腹口服,剂量、间隔同阴道组。1.3临床观察内容用药前:询问病史、月经史、孕产史,全身检查、妇产科及B超检查,血、尿常规和肝功检验。用药后:一般情况,有何副反应,宫颈评分(于米索阴道用药前及用药后15h各进行一次评分),宫缩,胎儿排出时间,胎盘排出时间,估量法记录产后2h出血量,流产前后血色素变化,产后2dB超检查宫内有否残余物。随访观察:流产后2w及月经复潮后随访,若有异常情况随时来院。随访表记录阴道出血持续日数、出血量、月经复潮日及月经量。必要时妇科及B超检查。1.4统计学方法资料用X2检验、t检验、u检验分析其差异显著性。1.5效果评价指标成功:米索前列醇首次用药后48h内胎儿胎盘排出,或因胎盘原因需人工剥离胎盘或清宫者。失败:米索前列醉首次用药后虽经多次续加,但48h内流产未完成,改用其它方法引产者。2结果2.1引产成功率阴道组98.33%,口服组96.48%(P>0.05)。成功病例中完全流产者,阴道组53例(88.33%),口服组49例(87.55)(P>0.05)。2.2用药次数与累积成功率米索前列醇一次用药流产成功率,阴道组70.00%,口服组17.86%(PO.05)。2.8产后2h内阴道出血量阴道组平均110.59m1,口服组平均103.7m1,两组无显著差异(P>0.05)。产前产后血色素无明显变化。产后出血超过300ml者每组各2例,均因胎盘粘连行人工剥离胎盘、清宫术,最多l例出血800m1。2.9清宫术于产后或随访中行清宫术者,阴道组8例13.33%,其中6例为胎盘组织残留,2例为蜕膜及小血块:口服组17例占30.36%,其中5例为胎盘组织残留,12例为蜕膜及小血块。2.10药物副反应米非司酮服药后轻度恶心26.66%,呕吐10%(1~2次)。米索阴道用药组呕吐3.33%,腹泻1.67%;口服组呕吐5.35%,腹泻3.57%,均不需特殊处理。2.11流产后阴道流血时间及月经复潮平均阴道流血时间阴道组17.24d,口服组12.46d;转经时间阴道组平均为35.35d,口服组为33.17d(P>0.05)。月经量与既往相似。3讨论3.1米非司酮配伍米索前列醇中期妊娠引产的可靠性与安全性采用米非司酮150mg预治疗后给予低剂量(200ug)阴道用米索前列醇序贯用药.可进一步促宫颈成熟,同时维持较理想的宫缩,作用温和、持久、副反应小,引产效果好。国外报告[1,2]口服米非司酮200mg配伍较大剂量的米索前列醇用于中期妊娠引产(13~20周)成功率分别为94.3%、97.1%及95%。本研究低剂量阴道用米索前列醇引产成功率98.33%,口服组96.48%,说明其对中期妊娠引产均可取得成功。有剖宫产史孕妇在医护人员观察下均安全通过,但要警惕子宫破裂的发生[3]。米非司酮低剂量多次给药可使血药浓度持续处于较高水平,与较大剂量具有同等效果[4]。WHO在1990年已提出米非司酮125mg配伍前列腺素终止早期妊娠具有同样效果。米非司酮终止妊娠的作用机理在于它能与孕激素竞争受体而无孕激素作用。高浓度孕激素受体位于蜕膜小动脉的内皮细胞和周围的平滑肌细胞及蜕膜化细胞内,而正常绒毛细胞浆中缺乏特异性孕酮受体结合点[8]。利用放射免疫和免疫组化的方法研究表明,在前列腺素的代谢过程中起重要作用的前列腺素脱氢酶(PGDH)于应用米非司酮后活性明显下降,从而干扰了前列腺素分解代谢,提高了组织内源性前列腺素水平和子宫对外源性前列腺素的敏感性。米索前列醇单独使用仅能引起很弱的子宫收缩,在米非司酮预治疗后使用可明显加强宫缩的频度和强度,完成流产。3.2米索前列醇低剂量阴道用药优于口服用药国外报告[1,2]应用较大剂量的米索前列醇口服,每次600~800ug,平均总剂量1600~2000ug。周爱军报告[5]终止9~22周妊娠51例的临床观察,平均口服用量650ug。本研究阴道用药平均292ug,明显少于口服剂量746ug(1:2.55)。用药至流产时间阴道组明显短于口服组。口服用药剂量是阴道用药量的2~3倍,阴道用药次数平均1.44次,口服组3次。阴道用药1次平均流产时间8.07h,成功率70%,6h成功率38.33%,12h累积成功率63.33%。如6h未排出者,续加用药其流产时间将明显缩短。ZiemanM[6]在米索前列醇药物吸收动力学研究中,0.4mg口服组血浆水平很快上升,平均(34±17)min达高峰,90min即清除l/2,120min后很快下降,以后维持低水平;同剂量阴道用药高峰期在(80土27)min,下降缓慢,240min时为高峰期的61%。测定AUC360发现阴道用米索的生物利用度比口服高3倍。口服吸收快,经肝代谢的影响使其生物利用度。本组资料口服用药为阴道用药的2.55倍,与Zieman的研究结果一致。首次米索前列醇用药后,宫颈评分增长不明显的病例多对米索不敏感,续加药物时需加大剂量,因此,其首次米索用药量可作为对其敏感性的预测。根据宫缩情况序贯用药,其间隔时间:阴道用药为6h,口服用药为3~4h,口服用药剂量应为阴道用药的2.5倍为宜。3.3清宫问题中期妊娠阶段胎盘未成熟,流产时可能出现胎盘或蜕膜残留,应仔细检查胎盘。产后2天的宫腔B超图像,大部分宫内有2.5~5.5cm不均质回声光团,宫内残留少量组织与其它正常转归的病例无明显差异,因此产后近期的B超难以完全判定有否胎盘组织残余[2]。结合临床经过对出血较多或产后2~3天流血仍超过月经量者应酌情予以清宫。
, http://www.100md.com
基金项目:山东省卫生厅资助课题
参考文献:
[1]Diana Webster,et al. A comparison of 600 and 200mg mifepristone prior to second trimester abortion with prostaglandin misoprostol.Br J Obster Gynecol,1996,103(7):706
[2]Kim Hinshan,et a1,Mid-trimester termination for fetal abnormality:advantages of a new regimen using mifepristone and misoprostol.Br J Obstet Gynecol,1 995,102(7):559
, 百拇医药 [3]Phillips K,et al.Uterine rupture during second trimester termination of pregnancy using mifepristone and a prostaglandin.Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reproduct Biol,1996,65(2):175
[4]贺昌海,等.国产半合成米非司酮临床药代动力学.生殖与避孕,1994,14(4):280
[5]周爱军,等.口服米非司酮与米索前列醇终止9~22周妊娠5l例的临床观察.上海医科大学学报,1994,21(5):343
[6]Miriam Zieman,et al. Absorption kinctics of misoprostol with oral or vaginal administration.Obstet & Gynecol,1997,90(1):88
[7]王肖琴.B超诊断宫内组织残留45例分析.中国实用妇科与产科杂志,1995,2:114
[8]van look PFA,et al. post-ovulation method for fertility regulation.Ann Techni Report,1992,37:1993
收稿日期:1999-04-20, 百拇医药
单位:1山东医科大学第二附属医院妇产科 2济南市中心医院妇产科
关键词:米非司酮;米索前列醇;妊娠中期;引产
山东医科大学000123摘 要:比较低剂量米索前列醇阴道用药配伍口服用药米非司酮中期妊娠引产的临床效果,寻求较为合理的给药途径和用药剂量。 方法:116例引产的中期妊娠孕妇分为阴道组(60例)和口服组(56例)。两组均经米非司酮(150mg)预治疗后,于第3天17时分别给予米索前列醇200ug放入阴道后穹隆或口服,次晨流产未完成者同途径追加200ug,每隔3~4h重复1次。 结果:阴道组和口服组的总引产成功率无显著差异(98.33%,96.48%,P>0.05),但是米索前列醇1次用药的成功率两组有显著差异(70.00%,17.86%,P<0.01)。平均用药次数分别为1.44次和3次,平均用药量分别为292ug和746ug(P<0.01)。随着孕龄增加,用药至流产的时间延长,相关系数(r)=0.9116。产后出血量、月经恢复的日期及副作用两组均无明显差异。 结论:低剂量阴道用米索前列醇配伍束非司酮用于中期妊娠引产较口服用药具有效果好、安全、剂量小、用药次数少的优点,是较为理想的用药途径。
, 百拇医药
分类号:R719.3+1 文献标识码:A
文章编号:1000-0496(2000)01-0069-03
STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SMALL DOSAGE VAGINAL MISOPROSTOL IN THE TERMINATION OF SECOND-TRIMESTER PREGNANCY
SUN Jia-zhen,MENG Guang-luan,XU Yong-ping
(Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Medical University)
Abstract:To compare the effectiveness of vaginal with oral Misoprostol in the termination of second-trimester pregnancy after pretreatment with Mifepristone and to search for a more effective administration route. Methods: 116 women asking for termination of second-trimester pregnancy were randomized into two groups: 1 ) the vaginal group (n=60) and 2) the oral group (n = 56). All woen received Mifepristone (150mg) in the first three days. At 5pm of the third day,they were given Misoprostol (200ug) either vaginally or orally. The next morning,if the abortion was not effected,additional doses were given by the same route every3-4 hours. Results: There were no significant differences in the percentage of women aborting with in 48 hours after the first dosage of Misoprostol was used (98.33% vs 96.48% P>0.05), but the percentage of women aborting within 12 hours in group 1 was significantly higher than that in group 2(70% vs 17.86% P<0.01). The average doses of Misoprostol in group 1 was 1.44 ,and in the oral group 3. The mean amount of the drug given group 1 was remarkably less than that in group 2 (292ug vs 746ug,P<0.01). The interval from the first dose of Misoprostaol to abortion was prolonged with the increase of gestational age (r) =0.9116, but there were no significant differences between the 2 groups in the amount of postabortion hemorrhage,the instances of side effects and the days from termination of pregnancy to the first menstruation. Conclusion:Being more effective,safer and requiring smaller dosage ,Misoprostol used vaginally had more advantages in the termination of second-trimester pregnancy than it was used orally,and may be a more ideal route for the administration of the drug.
, 百拇医药
Keywords:Mifepristone;Misoprostol;Pregnancy;trimester,second;Labor induced 米非司酮(Mifepristone,Ru486)配伍米索前列醇(Misoprostol)应用于中期妊娠引产近年来国内外已有报告,引产成功率为94.3%~97.1%,但口服米索前列醇的剂量均较大,副反应明显,药物清除快,血药浓度不能维持理想时间。为此,对米非司酮预治疗后采用米索前列醇序贯阴道用药与口服用药的中期妊娠引产效果进行临床研究,以寻求较为合理的用药剂量及给药途径。1资料与方法1.1病例与分组阴道组:60例,年龄(25.97±3.76)岁(20~39岁),初孕率56.67%,孕周(17.87土3.26)w(12~24w)。口服组:56例,年龄(24.54土3.21)岁(20~39岁),初孕率67.79%,孕周(17.11土3.11)w(12~24w)。两组具有可比性。1.2给药方法米非司酮(上海华联制药公司生产,25mg/片),米索前列醇(澳大利亚Searle公司生产,200ug/片)。阴道组:米非司酮25mg,2/d,饭前或饭后2h服,连服3d。第3天17时将200ug米索前列醇片粉碎后放人阴道后穹隆,夜间不再续加药物,观察15h,若次晨流产未完成,同法续加米索前列醇200ug,以后每隔3~4h续加200ug。口服组:米非司酮用药同阴道组,米索前列醇空腹口服,剂量、间隔同阴道组。1.3临床观察内容用药前:询问病史、月经史、孕产史,全身检查、妇产科及B超检查,血、尿常规和肝功检验。用药后:一般情况,有何副反应,宫颈评分(于米索阴道用药前及用药后15h各进行一次评分),宫缩,胎儿排出时间,胎盘排出时间,估量法记录产后2h出血量,流产前后血色素变化,产后2dB超检查宫内有否残余物。随访观察:流产后2w及月经复潮后随访,若有异常情况随时来院。随访表记录阴道出血持续日数、出血量、月经复潮日及月经量。必要时妇科及B超检查。1.4统计学方法资料用X2检验、t检验、u检验分析其差异显著性。1.5效果评价指标成功:米索前列醇首次用药后48h内胎儿胎盘排出,或因胎盘原因需人工剥离胎盘或清宫者。失败:米索前列醉首次用药后虽经多次续加,但48h内流产未完成,改用其它方法引产者。2结果2.1引产成功率阴道组98.33%,口服组96.48%(P>0.05)。成功病例中完全流产者,阴道组53例(88.33%),口服组49例(87.55)(P>0.05)。2.2用药次数与累积成功率米索前列醇一次用药流产成功率,阴道组70.00%,口服组17.86%(PO.05)。2.8产后2h内阴道出血量阴道组平均110.59m1,口服组平均103.7m1,两组无显著差异(P>0.05)。产前产后血色素无明显变化。产后出血超过300ml者每组各2例,均因胎盘粘连行人工剥离胎盘、清宫术,最多l例出血800m1。2.9清宫术于产后或随访中行清宫术者,阴道组8例13.33%,其中6例为胎盘组织残留,2例为蜕膜及小血块:口服组17例占30.36%,其中5例为胎盘组织残留,12例为蜕膜及小血块。2.10药物副反应米非司酮服药后轻度恶心26.66%,呕吐10%(1~2次)。米索阴道用药组呕吐3.33%,腹泻1.67%;口服组呕吐5.35%,腹泻3.57%,均不需特殊处理。2.11流产后阴道流血时间及月经复潮平均阴道流血时间阴道组17.24d,口服组12.46d;转经时间阴道组平均为35.35d,口服组为33.17d(P>0.05)。月经量与既往相似。3讨论3.1米非司酮配伍米索前列醇中期妊娠引产的可靠性与安全性采用米非司酮150mg预治疗后给予低剂量(200ug)阴道用米索前列醇序贯用药.可进一步促宫颈成熟,同时维持较理想的宫缩,作用温和、持久、副反应小,引产效果好。国外报告[1,2]口服米非司酮200mg配伍较大剂量的米索前列醇用于中期妊娠引产(13~20周)成功率分别为94.3%、97.1%及95%。本研究低剂量阴道用米索前列醇引产成功率98.33%,口服组96.48%,说明其对中期妊娠引产均可取得成功。有剖宫产史孕妇在医护人员观察下均安全通过,但要警惕子宫破裂的发生[3]。米非司酮低剂量多次给药可使血药浓度持续处于较高水平,与较大剂量具有同等效果[4]。WHO在1990年已提出米非司酮125mg配伍前列腺素终止早期妊娠具有同样效果。米非司酮终止妊娠的作用机理在于它能与孕激素竞争受体而无孕激素作用。高浓度孕激素受体位于蜕膜小动脉的内皮细胞和周围的平滑肌细胞及蜕膜化细胞内,而正常绒毛细胞浆中缺乏特异性孕酮受体结合点[8]。利用放射免疫和免疫组化的方法研究表明,在前列腺素的代谢过程中起重要作用的前列腺素脱氢酶(PGDH)于应用米非司酮后活性明显下降,从而干扰了前列腺素分解代谢,提高了组织内源性前列腺素水平和子宫对外源性前列腺素的敏感性。米索前列醇单独使用仅能引起很弱的子宫收缩,在米非司酮预治疗后使用可明显加强宫缩的频度和强度,完成流产。3.2米索前列醇低剂量阴道用药优于口服用药国外报告[1,2]应用较大剂量的米索前列醇口服,每次600~800ug,平均总剂量1600~2000ug。周爱军报告[5]终止9~22周妊娠51例的临床观察,平均口服用量650ug。本研究阴道用药平均292ug,明显少于口服剂量746ug(1:2.55)。用药至流产时间阴道组明显短于口服组。口服用药剂量是阴道用药量的2~3倍,阴道用药次数平均1.44次,口服组3次。阴道用药1次平均流产时间8.07h,成功率70%,6h成功率38.33%,12h累积成功率63.33%。如6h未排出者,续加用药其流产时间将明显缩短。ZiemanM[6]在米索前列醇药物吸收动力学研究中,0.4mg口服组血浆水平很快上升,平均(34±17)min达高峰,90min即清除l/2,120min后很快下降,以后维持低水平;同剂量阴道用药高峰期在(80土27)min,下降缓慢,240min时为高峰期的61%。测定AUC360发现阴道用米索的生物利用度比口服高3倍。口服吸收快,经肝代谢的影响使其生物利用度。本组资料口服用药为阴道用药的2.55倍,与Zieman的研究结果一致。首次米索前列醇用药后,宫颈评分增长不明显的病例多对米索不敏感,续加药物时需加大剂量,因此,其首次米索用药量可作为对其敏感性的预测。根据宫缩情况序贯用药,其间隔时间:阴道用药为6h,口服用药为3~4h,口服用药剂量应为阴道用药的2.5倍为宜。3.3清宫问题中期妊娠阶段胎盘未成熟,流产时可能出现胎盘或蜕膜残留,应仔细检查胎盘。产后2天的宫腔B超图像,大部分宫内有2.5~5.5cm不均质回声光团,宫内残留少量组织与其它正常转归的病例无明显差异,因此产后近期的B超难以完全判定有否胎盘组织残余[2]。结合临床经过对出血较多或产后2~3天流血仍超过月经量者应酌情予以清宫。
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基金项目:山东省卫生厅资助课题
参考文献:
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, 百拇医药 [3]Phillips K,et al.Uterine rupture during second trimester termination of pregnancy using mifepristone and a prostaglandin.Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reproduct Biol,1996,65(2):175
[4]贺昌海,等.国产半合成米非司酮临床药代动力学.生殖与避孕,1994,14(4):280
[5]周爱军,等.口服米非司酮与米索前列醇终止9~22周妊娠5l例的临床观察.上海医科大学学报,1994,21(5):343
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[8]van look PFA,et al. post-ovulation method for fertility regulation.Ann Techni Report,1992,37:1993
收稿日期:1999-04-20, 百拇医药