氟哌利多与地塞米松联用对甲状腺术后恶心呕吐发生率的影响
作者:张月明 崔进贝 刘金波 邵维忠 张岩
单位:张月明(潍坊市人民医院麻醉科 山东省潍坊市 261041);崔进贝(潍坊市人民医院麻醉科 山东省潍坊市 261041);刘金波(潍坊市人民医院麻醉科 山东省潍坊市 261041);邵维忠(潍坊市人民医院麻醉科 山东省潍坊市 261041);张岩(潍坊市人民医院麻醉科 山东省潍坊市 261041)
关键词:甲状腺;外科手术;内分泌;恶心;呕吐;氟哌利多;地塞米松
齐鲁医学杂志000214 [摘要] ①目的 比较氟哌利多和地塞米松联用与二者单独应用对甲状腺手术后恶心呕吐(PONV)发生率的影响。②方法 选择ASA体格状况分类Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,择期连续硬膜外或颈丛阻滞麻醉下行甲状腺手术病人90例,术毕随机分为3组,每组30例,分别静注氟哌利多1.25mg(D组),地塞米松10.00mg(M组),氟哌利多1.25mg与地塞米松10.00mg混合液(DM组)。观察记录术后24h内恶心、干呕、呕吐以及嗜睡和锥体外系不良反应发生情况。 ③结果 3组间恶心、干呕、呕吐单项发生率差异无显著性,但总PONV发生率DM组明显低于D组和M组,差异有显著性(χ2=4.32,6.67,P<0.05,0.01)。④结论 氟哌利多和地塞米松联用可预防PONV.
, http://www.100md.com
[中图分类号] R653 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1008-0341(2000)02-0109-02
DROPERIDOL-DEXAMETHASONE COMBINATION FOR POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING THYROIDECTOMY
ZHANG Yueming, CUI Jinbei, LIU Jinbo, et al
Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang People's Hospital, Shandong Weifang 261041
[ABSTRACT] Objective To compare the efficacy of droperidol in combination with dexamethasone and each drug alone in the reduction of postoperative nausea, retching and vomiting (PONV) after thyroidectomy. Methods Ninety ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ adult patients undergoing selective thyroidectomy under epidural or cervical plexus block were randomly divided into three groups after the operation, in group D(n=30) droperidol 1.25mg iv, in group M(n=30) dexamethasone 10.00mg iv, in group DM(n=30) droperidol 1.25mg with dexamethasone 10.00mg iv. The incidence of PONV and side effects were recorded in each group during the first 24h after operation. Results There were no significant difference among groups in the incidence in terms of nausea, retching and vomiting, but the total incidence of PONV in group DM was significantly lower than those in groups D and M (χ2=4.32,6.67,P<0.05,0.01). No drowsiness and extrapyramidal side effects were seen during the time of observation. Conclusion Prophylactic use of combined droperidol and dexamethsone was more effective than each antiemetic alone in the prevention of PONV after thyroidectomy.
, 百拇医药
[KEY WORDS] surgery, endocrine; thyroid gland; vomiting; nausea; droperidol; dexamethasone
术后恶心呕吐(PONV)对病人有潜在危害,严重者会引起Mallory-Weiss综合征、脱水、碱中毒、误吸及食管破裂等[1]。氟哌利多和地塞米松单独应用虽均有较好的镇吐作用,但效果不十分满意。本文将二者联用,旨在进一步降低甲状腺手术后PONV发生率。现将结果报告如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 对象及分组
甲状腺手术病人90例,按美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)体格状况分类为Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,既往无晕动病史及PONV体验,术前24h内未用任何具有抗恶心呕吐性质的药物。术毕随机分为3组,即氟哌利多组(D组)、地塞米松组(M组)及联合用药组(DM组),每组30例。3组病人一般状况、麻醉方法、手术时间差异无显著性。
, http://www.100md.com
1.2 麻醉与镇吐方法
术前不用任何药物。据病情和术式选择硬膜外或颈丛阻滞麻醉。所用局麻药皆为10.0g/L利多卡因与2.5g/L布比卡因混合液。麻醉全程监测血压、脉搏血氧饱和度、心电图,术中不用任何镇痛及抗吐药物。术毕D组、M组及DM组分别静脉注射氟哌利多1.25mg,地塞米松10.00mg以及氟哌利多1.25mg与地塞米松10.00mg混合液。
1.3 观察指标
记录术后24h内病人恶心、干呕及呕吐发生情况并观察有无嗜睡及锥体外系症状。若出现一种以上症状时只记录程度最严重的症状(呕吐>干呕>恶心)。恶心是指主观上不愉快、欲吐的感觉;干呕为呼吸肌群痉挛性节律性收缩而未有胃内容的排出;呕吐为胃内容自口内强力排出[2]。
2 结 果
, 百拇医药
恶心、干呕及呕吐单项发生率虽然DM组较其他两组低,但差异无显著意义(P>0.05);总PONV发生率DM组与D组、M组比较,差异有显著意义(χ2=4.32,6.67,P<0.05,0.01)。观察期内未见嗜睡(正常睡眠除外)及锥体外系症状。见表1.
表1 3组术后24h内PONV发生率比较(%) 组别
n
恶心
干呕
呕吐
总PONV
D组
30
, http://www.100md.com 10.0
6.7
10.0
26.7
M组
30
16.7
6.7
10.0
33.3
DM组
30
3.3
, 百拇医药
0
3.3
6.7*
与D组及M组比较,*χ2=4.32,6.67,P<0.05,0.01
3 讨 论
甲状腺手术后PONV发生率可以高达60%以上[3,4]。其原因不十分清楚,可能与年龄、性别(大多为中年女性)以及术中刺激迷走神经兴奋等因素有关。另外,麻醉方式、药物及术后疼痛和对其采取的措施都可能增加PONV发生率[3]。本文中上述影响因素在各组内分布较为平衡,可以认为PONV发生率存在组间差异是由于应用镇吐药物所致。
氟哌利多属丁酰苯类,是一种强效镇静药和镇吐剂,小剂量(1.25mg)具有较强的镇吐作用,加大剂量其镇吐作用不增强,反而增加嗜睡及锥体外系等副作用[5,6]。地塞米松作为镇吐剂最初只是用于预防化疗所引起的恶心、呕吐,近年来逐渐用于治疗PONV.地塞米松镇吐作用的机制不清,可能与其中枢性抑制前列腺素的合成、降低中枢内5-羟色胺含量以及改变血-脑脊液屏障对血清蛋白的通透性有关。两者联用时其预防PONV效果较单独应用为好,且并不增加副作用
, http://www.100md.com
作者简介 张月明,男,1963年10月生,主治医师
参考文献
1,Andrews PLR. Physiology of nausea and vomiting[J]. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 1992,69(Suppl 1):2
2,Watcha MF, White PF. Postoperative nausea and vomiting. its etiology, treatment, and prevention[J]. Anesthesiology, 1992, 77:162
3,Ewalenko P, Janny M, Dejonckheere M, et al. Antiemetic effect of subhypnotic doses of propofol after thyroidectomy[J]. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 1996,77:463
, http://www.100md.com
4,Fujii Y, Saitoh Y, Tanaka H, et al. Prophylactic antiemetic therapy with granisetron in women undergoing troidectomy[J]. British Journal of Anesthesia, 1998,81:526
5,O'Donovan N, Shaw J. Nausea and vomiting in day-case dental surgery: the use of low dose droperidol[J]. Anaesthesia, 1984,39:1172
6,Abramowitz MD, Oh TA, Epstein B, et al. The antietic effect of droperidol following outpatient strabismus surgery in children[J]. Anesthesiology, 1983, 59:579
(2000-01-18收稿 2000-05-26修回), 百拇医药
单位:张月明(潍坊市人民医院麻醉科 山东省潍坊市 261041);崔进贝(潍坊市人民医院麻醉科 山东省潍坊市 261041);刘金波(潍坊市人民医院麻醉科 山东省潍坊市 261041);邵维忠(潍坊市人民医院麻醉科 山东省潍坊市 261041);张岩(潍坊市人民医院麻醉科 山东省潍坊市 261041)
关键词:甲状腺;外科手术;内分泌;恶心;呕吐;氟哌利多;地塞米松
齐鲁医学杂志000214 [摘要] ①目的 比较氟哌利多和地塞米松联用与二者单独应用对甲状腺手术后恶心呕吐(PONV)发生率的影响。②方法 选择ASA体格状况分类Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,择期连续硬膜外或颈丛阻滞麻醉下行甲状腺手术病人90例,术毕随机分为3组,每组30例,分别静注氟哌利多1.25mg(D组),地塞米松10.00mg(M组),氟哌利多1.25mg与地塞米松10.00mg混合液(DM组)。观察记录术后24h内恶心、干呕、呕吐以及嗜睡和锥体外系不良反应发生情况。 ③结果 3组间恶心、干呕、呕吐单项发生率差异无显著性,但总PONV发生率DM组明显低于D组和M组,差异有显著性(χ2=4.32,6.67,P<0.05,0.01)。④结论 氟哌利多和地塞米松联用可预防PONV.
, http://www.100md.com
[中图分类号] R653 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1008-0341(2000)02-0109-02
DROPERIDOL-DEXAMETHASONE COMBINATION FOR POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING THYROIDECTOMY
ZHANG Yueming, CUI Jinbei, LIU Jinbo, et al
Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang People's Hospital, Shandong Weifang 261041
[ABSTRACT] Objective To compare the efficacy of droperidol in combination with dexamethasone and each drug alone in the reduction of postoperative nausea, retching and vomiting (PONV) after thyroidectomy. Methods Ninety ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ adult patients undergoing selective thyroidectomy under epidural or cervical plexus block were randomly divided into three groups after the operation, in group D(n=30) droperidol 1.25mg iv, in group M(n=30) dexamethasone 10.00mg iv, in group DM(n=30) droperidol 1.25mg with dexamethasone 10.00mg iv. The incidence of PONV and side effects were recorded in each group during the first 24h after operation. Results There were no significant difference among groups in the incidence in terms of nausea, retching and vomiting, but the total incidence of PONV in group DM was significantly lower than those in groups D and M (χ2=4.32,6.67,P<0.05,0.01). No drowsiness and extrapyramidal side effects were seen during the time of observation. Conclusion Prophylactic use of combined droperidol and dexamethsone was more effective than each antiemetic alone in the prevention of PONV after thyroidectomy.
, 百拇医药
[KEY WORDS] surgery, endocrine; thyroid gland; vomiting; nausea; droperidol; dexamethasone
术后恶心呕吐(PONV)对病人有潜在危害,严重者会引起Mallory-Weiss综合征、脱水、碱中毒、误吸及食管破裂等[1]。氟哌利多和地塞米松单独应用虽均有较好的镇吐作用,但效果不十分满意。本文将二者联用,旨在进一步降低甲状腺手术后PONV发生率。现将结果报告如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 对象及分组
甲状腺手术病人90例,按美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)体格状况分类为Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,既往无晕动病史及PONV体验,术前24h内未用任何具有抗恶心呕吐性质的药物。术毕随机分为3组,即氟哌利多组(D组)、地塞米松组(M组)及联合用药组(DM组),每组30例。3组病人一般状况、麻醉方法、手术时间差异无显著性。
, http://www.100md.com
1.2 麻醉与镇吐方法
术前不用任何药物。据病情和术式选择硬膜外或颈丛阻滞麻醉。所用局麻药皆为10.0g/L利多卡因与2.5g/L布比卡因混合液。麻醉全程监测血压、脉搏血氧饱和度、心电图,术中不用任何镇痛及抗吐药物。术毕D组、M组及DM组分别静脉注射氟哌利多1.25mg,地塞米松10.00mg以及氟哌利多1.25mg与地塞米松10.00mg混合液。
1.3 观察指标
记录术后24h内病人恶心、干呕及呕吐发生情况并观察有无嗜睡及锥体外系症状。若出现一种以上症状时只记录程度最严重的症状(呕吐>干呕>恶心)。恶心是指主观上不愉快、欲吐的感觉;干呕为呼吸肌群痉挛性节律性收缩而未有胃内容的排出;呕吐为胃内容自口内强力排出[2]。
2 结 果
, 百拇医药
恶心、干呕及呕吐单项发生率虽然DM组较其他两组低,但差异无显著意义(P>0.05);总PONV发生率DM组与D组、M组比较,差异有显著意义(χ2=4.32,6.67,P<0.05,0.01)。观察期内未见嗜睡(正常睡眠除外)及锥体外系症状。见表1.
表1 3组术后24h内PONV发生率比较(%) 组别
n
恶心
干呕
呕吐
总PONV
D组
30
, http://www.100md.com 10.0
6.7
10.0
26.7
M组
30
16.7
6.7
10.0
33.3
DM组
30
3.3
, 百拇医药
0
3.3
6.7*
与D组及M组比较,*χ2=4.32,6.67,P<0.05,0.01
3 讨 论
甲状腺手术后PONV发生率可以高达60%以上[3,4]。其原因不十分清楚,可能与年龄、性别(大多为中年女性)以及术中刺激迷走神经兴奋等因素有关。另外,麻醉方式、药物及术后疼痛和对其采取的措施都可能增加PONV发生率[3]。本文中上述影响因素在各组内分布较为平衡,可以认为PONV发生率存在组间差异是由于应用镇吐药物所致。
氟哌利多属丁酰苯类,是一种强效镇静药和镇吐剂,小剂量(1.25mg)具有较强的镇吐作用,加大剂量其镇吐作用不增强,反而增加嗜睡及锥体外系等副作用[5,6]。地塞米松作为镇吐剂最初只是用于预防化疗所引起的恶心、呕吐,近年来逐渐用于治疗PONV.地塞米松镇吐作用的机制不清,可能与其中枢性抑制前列腺素的合成、降低中枢内5-羟色胺含量以及改变血-脑脊液屏障对血清蛋白的通透性有关。两者联用时其预防PONV效果较单独应用为好,且并不增加副作用
, http://www.100md.com
作者简介 张月明,男,1963年10月生,主治医师
参考文献
1,Andrews PLR. Physiology of nausea and vomiting[J]. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 1992,69(Suppl 1):2
2,Watcha MF, White PF. Postoperative nausea and vomiting. its etiology, treatment, and prevention[J]. Anesthesiology, 1992, 77:162
3,Ewalenko P, Janny M, Dejonckheere M, et al. Antiemetic effect of subhypnotic doses of propofol after thyroidectomy[J]. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 1996,77:463
, http://www.100md.com
4,Fujii Y, Saitoh Y, Tanaka H, et al. Prophylactic antiemetic therapy with granisetron in women undergoing troidectomy[J]. British Journal of Anesthesia, 1998,81:526
5,O'Donovan N, Shaw J. Nausea and vomiting in day-case dental surgery: the use of low dose droperidol[J]. Anaesthesia, 1984,39:1172
6,Abramowitz MD, Oh TA, Epstein B, et al. The antietic effect of droperidol following outpatient strabismus surgery in children[J]. Anesthesiology, 1983, 59:579
(2000-01-18收稿 2000-05-26修回), 百拇医药