房室结慢径消融前房室阻滞的预测
作者:黄岚 何作云 李隆贵 宋跃明 李爱民 覃军
单位:黄岚(第三军医大学附属新桥医院心血管内科,重庆 400037);何作云(第三军医大学附属新桥医院心血管内科,重庆 400037);李隆贵(第三军医大学附属新桥医院心血管内科,重庆 400037);宋跃明(第三军医大学附属新桥医院心血管内科,重庆 400037);李爱民(第三军医大学附属新桥医院心血管内科,重庆 400037);覃军(第三军医大学附属新桥医院心血管内科,重庆 400037)
关键词:房室结;射频导管;消融;电生理;传导阻滞
第三军医大学学报000524 提 要: 目的 研究心脏电生理指标在普通型房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)慢径消融前,预测消融后房室传导阻滞(A-BV)发生的可能性。方法 109例普通型AVNRT病人依消融过程中出现交界性心动过速(JT)、无室房传导的JT及随后A-VB发生与否分为3组:①无室房传导JT和随后A-VB组(组1,16例次);②无室房传导JT而无A-VB组(组2,26例次);③单纯JT组(组3,38例次)。比较以下参数:①His束A波至消融电极远端A波间期[A(H)-A(Md)];②His束A波至冠状窦口A波间期[A(H)-A(CS)];③消融靶点A/V比值;④慢径电位;⑤碎裂心房波;⑥室房阻滞前JT周长。结果 组1的A(H)-A(Md)间期明显短于组2和组3(16±9.2 ms vs 34±9.8 ms, 30±12.4 ms,P<0.05),而A(H)-A(CS)、A/V比值、慢径电位、碎裂心房波及室房阻滞前JT周长与消融过程中是否发生A-VB无关。结论 A(H)-A(Md)间期反映了消融电极头部与His为标记的房室结之间的距离,该间期越短,消融中发生A-VB的可能性越大。
, 百拇医药
中图法分类号: R541.71 文献标识码: A
文章编号:1000-5404(2000)05-0484-03
Prediction of the risk of atrioventricular block before slow pathway ablation in atrioventricular node
HUANG Lan, HE Zuo-yun, LI Long-gui, SONG Yue-ming, LI Ai-min, QIN Jun
(Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037,China)
, 百拇医药
Abstract: Objective To determine whether te data of electrogram can be used to predict the risk of AV block before the employment of radio frequency (RF) energy to ablate the slow pathway in the mana-gement of common AV nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT). Methods 109 patients with common AVNRT were divided into 3 groups according to the clinical conditions as follows: ①Group 1 (16 episodes) consisted of patients with VA block during junctional tachycardia (JT) and consequent AV block. ②Group 2 (26 episodes ) consisted of patients with VA block during JT and without consequent AV block. ③Group 3 (38 episodes) consisted of patients without both VA block during JT and consequent AV block. Electrograms before the application of RF were analyzed to determine the interval between the atrial signals in the His bundle catheter and in the distal mapping catheter [A(H)-A(Md)], the interval between the atrial signals in the His bundle catheter and in the proximal coronary sinus catheter, [A(H)-A(CS)], the AV ratio, a slow pathway potential or a fractional atrial signal in the distal mapping catheter and the mean cycle length (CL) of JT before VA block. Results The A(H)-A(Md) interval was significantly shorter in group 1 than in groups 2 and 3 (16±9.2 ms vs 34±9.8 ms and 30±12.4 ms, P<0.05) and showed no significant difference between groups 2 and 3. The A(H)-A(CS) interval, AV ratio, slow pathway potential, a fractional atrial electrogram and CL of JT showed no relation to the occurrence of AV block confirmed with logistic regression analysis. Conclusion The A(H)-A(MD) interval reflects the distance of the distal electrode of the mapping catheter to the region of the compact AV node marked with the His bundle catheter. The shorter the interval, the more possible the occurrence of AV block during RF delivery.
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Key words: atriovencular node; radiofrequency; ablation; electrophysiology; conduction block
房室结慢径消融是治疗房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)十分有效的方法,但也有造成房室传导阻滞的危险。射频消融过程中出现无室房传导的快速交界性心动过速(JT)是房室传导阻滞的危险信号[1],可是这些信息在射频能量发放前尚难以确定。为此,本研究试图寻找一些心内电生理的指标,以便在射频能量释放前预测房室传导阻滞发生的可能性。
1 资料与方法
1.1 病人来源
我院1994年10月至1997年12月入院病人,共109例,女73例,男36例,年龄9~70岁,平均年龄(44±14)岁。入选条件为:①有阵发性心动过速发作史,经心内电生理检查证实为普通型AVNRT;②窦性心律行慢径消融时,射频能量释放期间出现JT或交界性心律;③在出现JT前无房室传导阻滞;④体格检查、体表12导联心电图和心脏二维超声检查无器质性心脏病证据。出现下列任一情况者排出本研究:①消融即刻或5 s以内出现AVNRT;②消融前出现交界性心律或任何部位的起搏心率。
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1.2 心内电生理研究和射频消融
心内基本电生理检查确定普通型AVNRT并测定房室结的前传和逆传不应期,按Jazayeri[2]方法,大头电极在Koch三角的底部记录慢径电位或是碎裂的心房激动波处进行射频能量释放,能量为20~30 W,30 s。窦律情况下出现JT或单个的交界性搏动为消融有效,JT终止或是明显减慢后停止消融。分析出现JT时的V-A传导,当发现V-A传导丧失时,立即停止消融。
1.3 病人分组和心内电生理参数分析
按消融过程中出现JT、无室房传导的JT及随后A-VB发生与否将病人分为以下3组:①出现室房传导JT和随后房室阻滞阻(组1,16例次,JT+VA+AV);②出现无室房传导JT而无随后房室导阻滞组(组2,26例次,JT+VA);③出现JT而无随后房室传导阻滞组(组3,38例次,JT)。分析以下指标:①His束电极A波至消融大头电极远端A波之间的间期[A(H)-A(Md)];②His束电极A波至冠状窦口A波的间期[A(H)-A(CS)];③消融大头电极远端A/V比例;④慢径电位;碎裂心房波;⑥室房阻滞前JT的周长;⑦消融后房室传导阻滞的类型。
, 百拇医药
1.4 统计学分析
组间均数比较用t检验,房室传导阻滞因素的确定用单变量和多变量的回归分析,计数资料及率的比较用χ2检验。
2 结果
2.1 一般临床资料和消融过程中JT有无室房传导对A-VB发生率的影响
109例病人,共进行117例次244个部位选择性慢径消融,RF释放次数1 014次,出现323次JT,其中无室房传导的JT 80次,占JT的25%,经立即停止放电后,出现不同程度A-VB共24次,占JT的7.4%,占无室房传导JT的30%。持续性不同程度A-VB占JT 1.5%,占无室房传导JT 6.3%,一过性不同程度A-VB占JT 5.9%,占无室房传导JT的24%,见表1。
表1 房室结慢径消融临床资料
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Tab 1 Clinic characteristics of ablation
slow pathway for atrioventricular node
Number
%
Patients No.
109
Femal
73
67.0
Proceduring episodes
117
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Recurrence
8
7.4
RF episodes
1014
RF ablation sites
672
RF ablation sites with JT
244
36.4
JT episodes
323
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31.8
JT episodes with V-A block
80
25.0
Persistent A-V block
5
1.5
Ⅰ°
3
0.9
Ⅱ°
1
, 百拇医药 0.3
Ⅲ°
1
0.3
Transient A-V block
19
5.9
Ⅰ°
8
2.5
Ⅱ°
4
1.2
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Ⅲ°
7
2.2
RF:radiofrequency;JT:junctional tachycardia;A-V or V-A
block:atrial-venteicular or ventricular-atrial block
JT和无室房传导的JT对A-VB发生率的比较见表2。无室房传导的JT引起持续和一过性A-VB的发生率明显高于单纯JT。
表2 JT和无室房传导JT在A-VB发生中的作用
Tab 2 The role of JT and JT with V-A block
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in consequent A-V block
JT
(323episodes)
JT with V-A
block
(80episodes)
P
Persistent A-VB,episodes(%)
5(1.5)
5(6.3)
<0.05
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Transient A-VB,episodes(%)
19(5.9)
19(24.0)
<0.05
2.2 房室传导阻滞危险性预测
比较组1(JT+VA+AV)、组2(JT+VA)和组3(JT)病人相关的心内电生理参数,见表3。
表3 消融后房室传导阻滞可能性的相关参数比较
Tab 3 Comparision of the parameters relating to potential
A-V block after RF ablation
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Group 1
(16 episodes)
Group 2
(26 episodes)
Group 3
(38 episodes)
Age
46±12.6
43±14.8
41±16.9
RF episodes
6.2±4.7
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9.8±7.4
7.9±6.3
A(H)-A(Md) (t/ms)
16±9.2
34±9.8*
30±12.4*
A(H)-A(CS) (t/ms)
36±12
40±11
42±14
A/V (%)
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0.8±1.9
0.7±1.6
0.6±1.2
Slow pathway potential,episodes(%)
3(18)
8(12)
5(13)
Fractional atrial potential,episodes(%)
11(70)
51(78)
19(50)
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JT cycle before V-A
block (t/ms)
462±94
483±76
A(H)-A(Md):the interval between the atrial signals in the
His bundle and in the distal mapping catheter;A(H)-A(CS):
the interval between the atrial signals in the His bundle
and in the proximal coronary sinus;A/V ratio:
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atrial/ventricular ratio;*:P<0.05 vs group 1
由表3可见,组1的A(H)-A(Md)16±9.2 ms,明显短于组2和组3,而组2和组3该指标比较差异不显著,经回归分析也发现A(H)-A(Md)是表3中唯一能预测A-VB的指标(P<0.01)。
3 讨论
AVNRT行房室结慢径消融前,影像学大头电极位置对估价消融所致房室传导阻滞危险性有一定的意义[3]。消融中出现快速性JT,尤无室房传导的JT,预示即将到来的A-VB[1]。但在很多情况,在丧失室房和房室传导前,JT可以被很少的几次搏动明显加速,提示它并非是即将到来的A-VB早期信号。本研究也发现,很少部分的JT由10次以上节律组成,这给计算JT的周长带来障碍,也难以证明JT的平均周长与A-VB发生的关系,可见,单纯分析JT的周长并非能十分可靠和安全的预测随之而来的A-VB。
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无室房传导的JT在立即停止放电后,部分病人出现A-VB。本研究中JT伴V-A丧失的比例较高,可能与未能及时判断出房室传导系统进行性损害,致房室传导功能动态改变有关;或者室房分离与JT的周长短于快径的逆传有效不应期致室房分离。与快速JT一样,丧失室房传导的JT对判断随后的A-VB固然有用,但出现太晚,对及时认识A-VB的到来同样受到一定限制[4]。
A(H)-A(Md)间期反映了消融电极头部至以希氏束为标记的房室结之间的距离,理论上讲该间期越长,消融电极至房室结间的距离也越大。这样,长的A(H)-A(Md)间期,提示发生A-VB的可能较小。按此推论,导致A-VB的患者,A(H)-A(Md)间期应该明显的短。本文消融后出现A-VB组(组1)的A(H)-A(Md)(16±9.2 ms),也明显的短于无A-VB组(组2和组3),提示A(H)-A(Md)间期平均值短于16 ms,消融慢径可能导致A-VB,A(H)-A(Md)间期是消融前预测消融致房室传导阻滞较可靠的心内电生理指标。Blanck等[5]研究A(H)-A(CS)间期,他们发现A(H)-A(CS)<10 ms与消融中发生完全性A-VB有关,认为较短的A(H)-A(CS)反映了后侧快径更靠近慢径房室结入口处近端,这样,快、慢径易被同时损伤引起A-VB。但本研究未发现A(H)-A(CS)间期与消融后发生A-VB之间的关系,可能是冠状窦口的位置差异太大,导致A(H)-A(CS)间期的变异也很有关。
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作者简介:黄 岚(1959-),男,四川省成都市人,博士,副主任医师,副教授,主要从事冠心病及心电生理方面的研究,发表论文32篇。电话:(023)68755260
参考文献:
[1] Thakur R K, Klein G J, Yee R, et al. Junctional tachyardia: a useful marker during radiofrequency ablation for atrioventricular node reentrant tachycarida[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol,1993,22(6):1 706-1 710.
[2] Jazayeri M R, Hempe S L, Sra J S, et al. Selective trancatheter ablation of the fast and slow pathways using radiofrequency energy in patients with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia[J]. Circulation,1992,85(4):1 318-1 328.
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[3] Wathen M, N atale A, Wolfek, et al. An anatomically guided approach to atriovetricular node slow pathway ablation[J]. Am J Cardiol,1992,70(9):886-889.
[4] Natale A, Sra J, Jazayeri M, et al. Clinical significance of AV nodal block during radiofrequency modification with the posterior approach[J]. Circulation,1994,90(Suppl Ⅰ):Ⅰ126.
[5] Blanck Z, Makal J, Hansol, et al. Prediction of atrioventricular block during radiofrequeney ablation of the fast pathway in atriovetricular nodal reentry[J]. Circulation,1991,84(Suppl Ⅱ):Ⅱ235.
收稿日期:1999-09-16;修回日期:2000-01-11, http://www.100md.com
单位:黄岚(第三军医大学附属新桥医院心血管内科,重庆 400037);何作云(第三军医大学附属新桥医院心血管内科,重庆 400037);李隆贵(第三军医大学附属新桥医院心血管内科,重庆 400037);宋跃明(第三军医大学附属新桥医院心血管内科,重庆 400037);李爱民(第三军医大学附属新桥医院心血管内科,重庆 400037);覃军(第三军医大学附属新桥医院心血管内科,重庆 400037)
关键词:房室结;射频导管;消融;电生理;传导阻滞
第三军医大学学报000524 提 要: 目的 研究心脏电生理指标在普通型房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)慢径消融前,预测消融后房室传导阻滞(A-BV)发生的可能性。方法 109例普通型AVNRT病人依消融过程中出现交界性心动过速(JT)、无室房传导的JT及随后A-VB发生与否分为3组:①无室房传导JT和随后A-VB组(组1,16例次);②无室房传导JT而无A-VB组(组2,26例次);③单纯JT组(组3,38例次)。比较以下参数:①His束A波至消融电极远端A波间期[A(H)-A(Md)];②His束A波至冠状窦口A波间期[A(H)-A(CS)];③消融靶点A/V比值;④慢径电位;⑤碎裂心房波;⑥室房阻滞前JT周长。结果 组1的A(H)-A(Md)间期明显短于组2和组3(16±9.2 ms vs 34±9.8 ms, 30±12.4 ms,P<0.05),而A(H)-A(CS)、A/V比值、慢径电位、碎裂心房波及室房阻滞前JT周长与消融过程中是否发生A-VB无关。结论 A(H)-A(Md)间期反映了消融电极头部与His为标记的房室结之间的距离,该间期越短,消融中发生A-VB的可能性越大。
, 百拇医药
中图法分类号: R541.71 文献标识码: A
文章编号:1000-5404(2000)05-0484-03
Prediction of the risk of atrioventricular block before slow pathway ablation in atrioventricular node
HUANG Lan, HE Zuo-yun, LI Long-gui, SONG Yue-ming, LI Ai-min, QIN Jun
(Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037,China)
, 百拇医药
Abstract: Objective To determine whether te data of electrogram can be used to predict the risk of AV block before the employment of radio frequency (RF) energy to ablate the slow pathway in the mana-gement of common AV nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT). Methods 109 patients with common AVNRT were divided into 3 groups according to the clinical conditions as follows: ①Group 1 (16 episodes) consisted of patients with VA block during junctional tachycardia (JT) and consequent AV block. ②Group 2 (26 episodes ) consisted of patients with VA block during JT and without consequent AV block. ③Group 3 (38 episodes) consisted of patients without both VA block during JT and consequent AV block. Electrograms before the application of RF were analyzed to determine the interval between the atrial signals in the His bundle catheter and in the distal mapping catheter [A(H)-A(Md)], the interval between the atrial signals in the His bundle catheter and in the proximal coronary sinus catheter, [A(H)-A(CS)], the AV ratio, a slow pathway potential or a fractional atrial signal in the distal mapping catheter and the mean cycle length (CL) of JT before VA block. Results The A(H)-A(Md) interval was significantly shorter in group 1 than in groups 2 and 3 (16±9.2 ms vs 34±9.8 ms and 30±12.4 ms, P<0.05) and showed no significant difference between groups 2 and 3. The A(H)-A(CS) interval, AV ratio, slow pathway potential, a fractional atrial electrogram and CL of JT showed no relation to the occurrence of AV block confirmed with logistic regression analysis. Conclusion The A(H)-A(MD) interval reflects the distance of the distal electrode of the mapping catheter to the region of the compact AV node marked with the His bundle catheter. The shorter the interval, the more possible the occurrence of AV block during RF delivery.
, 百拇医药
Key words: atriovencular node; radiofrequency; ablation; electrophysiology; conduction block
房室结慢径消融是治疗房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)十分有效的方法,但也有造成房室传导阻滞的危险。射频消融过程中出现无室房传导的快速交界性心动过速(JT)是房室传导阻滞的危险信号[1],可是这些信息在射频能量发放前尚难以确定。为此,本研究试图寻找一些心内电生理的指标,以便在射频能量释放前预测房室传导阻滞发生的可能性。
1 资料与方法
1.1 病人来源
我院1994年10月至1997年12月入院病人,共109例,女73例,男36例,年龄9~70岁,平均年龄(44±14)岁。入选条件为:①有阵发性心动过速发作史,经心内电生理检查证实为普通型AVNRT;②窦性心律行慢径消融时,射频能量释放期间出现JT或交界性心律;③在出现JT前无房室传导阻滞;④体格检查、体表12导联心电图和心脏二维超声检查无器质性心脏病证据。出现下列任一情况者排出本研究:①消融即刻或5 s以内出现AVNRT;②消融前出现交界性心律或任何部位的起搏心率。
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1.2 心内电生理研究和射频消融
心内基本电生理检查确定普通型AVNRT并测定房室结的前传和逆传不应期,按Jazayeri[2]方法,大头电极在Koch三角的底部记录慢径电位或是碎裂的心房激动波处进行射频能量释放,能量为20~30 W,30 s。窦律情况下出现JT或单个的交界性搏动为消融有效,JT终止或是明显减慢后停止消融。分析出现JT时的V-A传导,当发现V-A传导丧失时,立即停止消融。
1.3 病人分组和心内电生理参数分析
按消融过程中出现JT、无室房传导的JT及随后A-VB发生与否将病人分为以下3组:①出现室房传导JT和随后房室阻滞阻(组1,16例次,JT+VA+AV);②出现无室房传导JT而无随后房室导阻滞组(组2,26例次,JT+VA);③出现JT而无随后房室传导阻滞组(组3,38例次,JT)。分析以下指标:①His束电极A波至消融大头电极远端A波之间的间期[A(H)-A(Md)];②His束电极A波至冠状窦口A波的间期[A(H)-A(CS)];③消融大头电极远端A/V比例;④慢径电位;碎裂心房波;⑥室房阻滞前JT的周长;⑦消融后房室传导阻滞的类型。
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1.4 统计学分析
组间均数比较用t检验,房室传导阻滞因素的确定用单变量和多变量的回归分析,计数资料及率的比较用χ2检验。
2 结果
2.1 一般临床资料和消融过程中JT有无室房传导对A-VB发生率的影响
109例病人,共进行117例次244个部位选择性慢径消融,RF释放次数1 014次,出现323次JT,其中无室房传导的JT 80次,占JT的25%,经立即停止放电后,出现不同程度A-VB共24次,占JT的7.4%,占无室房传导JT的30%。持续性不同程度A-VB占JT 1.5%,占无室房传导JT 6.3%,一过性不同程度A-VB占JT 5.9%,占无室房传导JT的24%,见表1。
表1 房室结慢径消融临床资料
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Tab 1 Clinic characteristics of ablation
slow pathway for atrioventricular node
Number
%
Patients No.
109
Femal
73
67.0
Proceduring episodes
117
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Recurrence
8
7.4
RF episodes
1014
RF ablation sites
672
RF ablation sites with JT
244
36.4
JT episodes
323
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31.8
JT episodes with V-A block
80
25.0
Persistent A-V block
5
1.5
Ⅰ°
3
0.9
Ⅱ°
1
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Ⅲ°
1
0.3
Transient A-V block
19
5.9
Ⅰ°
8
2.5
Ⅱ°
4
1.2
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Ⅲ°
7
2.2
RF:radiofrequency;JT:junctional tachycardia;A-V or V-A
block:atrial-venteicular or ventricular-atrial block
JT和无室房传导的JT对A-VB发生率的比较见表2。无室房传导的JT引起持续和一过性A-VB的发生率明显高于单纯JT。
表2 JT和无室房传导JT在A-VB发生中的作用
Tab 2 The role of JT and JT with V-A block
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in consequent A-V block
JT
(323episodes)
JT with V-A
block
(80episodes)
P
Persistent A-VB,episodes(%)
5(1.5)
5(6.3)
<0.05
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Transient A-VB,episodes(%)
19(5.9)
19(24.0)
<0.05
2.2 房室传导阻滞危险性预测
比较组1(JT+VA+AV)、组2(JT+VA)和组3(JT)病人相关的心内电生理参数,见表3。
表3 消融后房室传导阻滞可能性的相关参数比较
Tab 3 Comparision of the parameters relating to potential
A-V block after RF ablation
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Group 1
(16 episodes)
Group 2
(26 episodes)
Group 3
(38 episodes)
Age
46±12.6
43±14.8
41±16.9
RF episodes
6.2±4.7
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9.8±7.4
7.9±6.3
A(H)-A(Md) (t/ms)
16±9.2
34±9.8*
30±12.4*
A(H)-A(CS) (t/ms)
36±12
40±11
42±14
A/V (%)
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0.8±1.9
0.7±1.6
0.6±1.2
Slow pathway potential,episodes(%)
3(18)
8(12)
5(13)
Fractional atrial potential,episodes(%)
11(70)
51(78)
19(50)
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JT cycle before V-A
block (t/ms)
462±94
483±76
A(H)-A(Md):the interval between the atrial signals in the
His bundle and in the distal mapping catheter;A(H)-A(CS):
the interval between the atrial signals in the His bundle
and in the proximal coronary sinus;A/V ratio:
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atrial/ventricular ratio;*:P<0.05 vs group 1
由表3可见,组1的A(H)-A(Md)16±9.2 ms,明显短于组2和组3,而组2和组3该指标比较差异不显著,经回归分析也发现A(H)-A(Md)是表3中唯一能预测A-VB的指标(P<0.01)。
3 讨论
AVNRT行房室结慢径消融前,影像学大头电极位置对估价消融所致房室传导阻滞危险性有一定的意义[3]。消融中出现快速性JT,尤无室房传导的JT,预示即将到来的A-VB[1]。但在很多情况,在丧失室房和房室传导前,JT可以被很少的几次搏动明显加速,提示它并非是即将到来的A-VB早期信号。本研究也发现,很少部分的JT由10次以上节律组成,这给计算JT的周长带来障碍,也难以证明JT的平均周长与A-VB发生的关系,可见,单纯分析JT的周长并非能十分可靠和安全的预测随之而来的A-VB。
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无室房传导的JT在立即停止放电后,部分病人出现A-VB。本研究中JT伴V-A丧失的比例较高,可能与未能及时判断出房室传导系统进行性损害,致房室传导功能动态改变有关;或者室房分离与JT的周长短于快径的逆传有效不应期致室房分离。与快速JT一样,丧失室房传导的JT对判断随后的A-VB固然有用,但出现太晚,对及时认识A-VB的到来同样受到一定限制[4]。
A(H)-A(Md)间期反映了消融电极头部至以希氏束为标记的房室结之间的距离,理论上讲该间期越长,消融电极至房室结间的距离也越大。这样,长的A(H)-A(Md)间期,提示发生A-VB的可能较小。按此推论,导致A-VB的患者,A(H)-A(Md)间期应该明显的短。本文消融后出现A-VB组(组1)的A(H)-A(Md)(16±9.2 ms),也明显的短于无A-VB组(组2和组3),提示A(H)-A(Md)间期平均值短于16 ms,消融慢径可能导致A-VB,A(H)-A(Md)间期是消融前预测消融致房室传导阻滞较可靠的心内电生理指标。Blanck等[5]研究A(H)-A(CS)间期,他们发现A(H)-A(CS)<10 ms与消融中发生完全性A-VB有关,认为较短的A(H)-A(CS)反映了后侧快径更靠近慢径房室结入口处近端,这样,快、慢径易被同时损伤引起A-VB。但本研究未发现A(H)-A(CS)间期与消融后发生A-VB之间的关系,可能是冠状窦口的位置差异太大,导致A(H)-A(CS)间期的变异也很有关。
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作者简介:黄 岚(1959-),男,四川省成都市人,博士,副主任医师,副教授,主要从事冠心病及心电生理方面的研究,发表论文32篇。电话:(023)68755260
参考文献:
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[2] Jazayeri M R, Hempe S L, Sra J S, et al. Selective trancatheter ablation of the fast and slow pathways using radiofrequency energy in patients with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia[J]. Circulation,1992,85(4):1 318-1 328.
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[3] Wathen M, N atale A, Wolfek, et al. An anatomically guided approach to atriovetricular node slow pathway ablation[J]. Am J Cardiol,1992,70(9):886-889.
[4] Natale A, Sra J, Jazayeri M, et al. Clinical significance of AV nodal block during radiofrequency modification with the posterior approach[J]. Circulation,1994,90(Suppl Ⅰ):Ⅰ126.
[5] Blanck Z, Makal J, Hansol, et al. Prediction of atrioventricular block during radiofrequeney ablation of the fast pathway in atriovetricular nodal reentry[J]. Circulation,1991,84(Suppl Ⅱ):Ⅱ235.
收稿日期:1999-09-16;修回日期:2000-01-11, http://www.100md.com