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大鼠周围神经端侧吻合后再生轴突的功能恢复
http://www.100md.com 《第二军医大学学报》 2000年第12期
     作者:李旭东 许家军 季正伦 欧阳天祥 何清濂

    单位:李旭东 季正伦 欧阳天祥(第二军医大学长海医院整形外科,上海 200433);许家军(基础医学部解剖学教研室);何清濂(长征医院整形外科)

    关键词:神经再生;HRP;逆行追踪;端侧吻合;轴突;周围神经修复

    第二军医大学学报001229 [摘要] 目的:探讨周围神经端侧吻合后 感觉轴突和运动轴突再生的差异以及比较神经端端吻合与端侧吻合的效果。方法: 20只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为两组,A组为右侧腓神经切断,远侧断端与胫神经行 端侧吻合;B组为右侧腓神经切断,即行端端吻合;两组大鼠左侧留作正常对照。HRP染色逆 行追踪检测轴突再生神经元。结果:实验侧脊髓前角及脊神经节可见H RP标记 细胞,端端吻合效果显著好于端侧吻合,端侧吻合后再生纤维中感觉纤维和运动纤维兼而有 之。结论:周围神经损伤的修复手术宜采用端端吻合方式。
, 百拇医药
    [中图分类号] R 651.3 [文献标识码] A

    [文章编号] 0258-879X(2000)12-1184-02

    Function of the regenerative axon after peripheral nerve end-to-side neurorrha phy in rats

    LI Xu-Dong JI Zheng-Lun OUYANG Tian-Xiang

    (Department of Plastic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China)

    XU Jia-Jun
, 百拇医药
    (Department of Anatomy, Department of Basic Medicine)

    HE Qing-Lian

    (Department of Plastic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital)

    [ABSTRACT] Objective: To compare regeneration of mo tor fibers with that of sensory fibers by end-to-side neurorrhaphy and compare the effect of end-to-side neurorrhaphy with that of end-to-end neurorrhaphy . Methods: 20 SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: gro up A and group B. In group A, the right peroneal nerve was sectioned and the dis tal end was sutured laterally to the tibial nerve; in group B, the right peronea l nerve was sectioned and sutured with end-to-end neurorrhaphy. All left sides of two groups were used as control. Retrograde transportation of HRP was observ ed after 28 weeks. Results: The labelled neurons were also found in the anterior horn of the spinal cord and the spinal ganglia. Conclus ion: The regenerative nerve fibers had motor fibers as well as sensory f ibers by end-to-side neurorrhaphy. The effect of end-to-side neurorrhaphy is not as good as that of end-to-end neurorrhaphy.
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    [KEY WORDS] nerve regeneration; retrograde transportation; HRP; end -to-side neurorrhaphy

    周围神经损伤后的修复一直是临床医学研究的难点和重点,我们对周围神经的端侧吻合 进行了研究,探讨再生轴突的功能恢复。

    1 材料和方法

    1.1 动物分组及手术方法 雄性SD大鼠20只,体质量230~270 g,随机分为A,B两 组( n=10)。用1%的戊巴比妥钠作腹腔注射,0.3 ml/100 g。俯卧位固定于手术台,显露 坐骨神经、胫神经和腓神经。A组:右侧腓神经切断,胫神经一侧自胫神经、腓神经分支以 下0.5 cm处外膜开窗0.7 mm×0.7 mm,腓神经远侧端用11-0无损伤缝线行外膜端侧吻合于 胫神经开窗处,腓神经近端游离后牵向近侧端外转90度缝合于邻近肌肉。左侧留作正常对照 。B组:右侧腓神经切断,近侧断端与远侧断端行外膜端端吻合。左侧为正常对照。
, 百拇医药
    1.2 HRP逆行追踪检测再生神经元 术后28周,于腓骨小头处暴露腓神经,用微玻 管插入腓神经吻合口远侧端内多点注射10%HRP(Sigma,HRPⅥ)约5 μl,存活48 h后,按 Mesulam法灌注固定,取L3~6脊髓节段和L4,L5脊神经节,连续冰冻切片,脊髓 切片厚30 μm,脊神经节切片厚25 μm,脊髓每隔3片取1片,脊神经节每隔2片取1片,四 甲基联苯胺(TMB)染色,观察并计数具有胞核或胞体轮廓完整、突起明显的HRP标记胞体。

    2 结 果

    在同侧脊髓L3~5节段的前角观察到HRP标记细胞,分布在前角的前外侧群,标记细胞 为多极形和梭形,自L3尾部延续至L5~6结合部。同侧脊神经节标记细胞位于L4 ,L5脊神经节中。在脊髓相应的水平切面上,端端吻合组的标记细胞多于端侧吻合组。计 数具有胞核或胞体轮廓完整、突起明显的HRP标记细胞,计算端端吻合组、端侧吻合组占正 常组胞体数的百分率,用t检验进行比较(表1)。
, 百拇医药
    表 1 轴突再生神经元的百分率

    Tab 1 The percentage of the regeneration neurons (n=10,±s, %) Group

    Spinal cord

    Spinal ganglia

    A

    35.4±11.7**

    35.1±13.5*

    B

    61.3±12.9
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    45.4±11.3

    *P<0.05, **P<0.01 vs B group; P<0.05 vs spinal cord3 讨 论

    神经修复的重点在于再生神经纤维形态结构和 功能的重建以及效应器功能的恢复。再生神经纤维的形态结构和功能的恢复有赖于轴浆流的 恢复,HRP法则利用轴浆运输追踪神经元的联系。轴浆运输是神经元的基本活动,能保持神 经元胞体与突起终末的长距离功能联系,是再生神经纤维结构和功能恢复的重要活动形式。 本实验在远侧段腓神经注入HRP后,同侧脊髓前角及脊神经节出现标记细胞,表明端侧吻合 后远侧段神经不仅在形态结构上得以重建[2,3],而且功能恢复,轴浆运输建立, 使HRP得以通过逆行运输标记同侧脊髓前角和脊神经节的神经元胞体。Lundborg等[1] 在实验中证实端侧吻合后腓神经远端可见有髓神经纤维,说明再生纤维能够长入吻合部远 端,这与其他研究者的结论是一致的[2~6]
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    再生的运动神经轴突来源于脊髓前角外侧核,而感觉轴突来源于脊神经背根节,其胞体 分布在各自相应的节段。脊髓前角和脊神经节细胞分别被标记,证明在端侧和端端吻合后的 再生神经纤维中,感觉纤维和运动纤维兼而有之。从实验结果来看,(1)端侧吻合组再生神 经纤维的恢复不及端端吻合组,两组运动纤维的再生差别非常显著(P<0.01),而感觉纤 维的再生差异亦显著(P<0.05);(2)端侧吻合组感觉纤维和运动纤维的再生差异不显 著(P>0.05),而端端吻合组运动纤维再生优于感觉纤维(P<0.05)。

    端侧吻合神经的再生机制未见报道,我们推测腓神经损伤后,损伤的远段神经及其支配 的靶器官产生大量神经生长因子等诱导物质,使胫神经发芽生出侧枝,长入腓神经远侧段。 如何促进端侧吻合后神经纤维再生有待进一步实验和探讨。

    [作者简介] 李旭东(1969-),男(汉族),博士,主治医师.

    参考文献
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    [1] Lundborg G, Zhao Q, Kanje M, et al. Can sensory and mot or colla teral sprouting be induced from intact peripheral nerve by end-to-side anastom osis[J]. J Hand Surg [Br],1994,19(3):277-282.

    [2] Viterbo F, Trindade JC, Hoshino K,et al. End-to-side neurorrhaphy w ith removal of the epineurial sheath: an experimental study in rats[J]. Plast Reconstr Surg,1994,12(7):1038-1047.

    [3] Viterbo F, Trindade JC, Hoshino K,et al. Two end-to-side neurorrhap hies and nerve graft with removal of the epineural sheath:experimental study in rats [J]. Br J Plast Surg,1994,47(2):75-80.
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    [4] Belzberg AJ,Campbell JN. Evidence for end-to-side sensory nerve regener ation in a human. Case report [J]. J Neurosurg,1998,89(6):1055-1057.

    [5] Noah EM, Williams A, Fortes W,et al. A new animal model to investigat e axonal sprouting after end-to-side neurorrhaphy [J]. J Reconstr Microsu rg,1997,13(5): 317-325.

    [6] Noah EM, Williams A, Jorgenson C,et al. End-to-side neurorrhaphy: a histologic and morphometric study of axonal sprouting into an end-to-side ner ve graft [J]. J Reconstr Microsurg, 1997, 13(2): 99-106.

    [收稿日期] 2000-05-19

    [修回日期] 2000-11-02, 百拇医药