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解偶联蛋白2基因Ala55Val变异与中国人脂代谢、体脂含量及分布的关系
http://www.100md.com 《中华医学遗传学杂志》 2000年第2期
     作者:郑以漫 项坤三 张蓉 贾伟平 陆俊茜 唐峻岭 李杰

    单位:郑以漫(200233上海市第六人民医院内分泌代谢科);项坤三(200233上海市第六人民医院内分泌代谢科);张蓉(200233上海市第六人民医院内分泌代谢科);贾伟平(200233上海市第六人民医院内分泌代谢科);陆俊茜(200233上海市第六人民医院内分泌代谢科);唐峻岭(200233上海市第六人民医院内分泌代谢科);李杰(200233上海市第六人民医院内分泌代谢科)

    关键词:解偶联蛋白2基因;2型糖尿病;体脂分布;基因变异

    中华医学遗传学杂志000209 【摘要】 目的 探讨解偶联蛋白2(uncoupling protein 2,UCP2)基因Ala 55Val(A55V)变异与中国人脂代谢、体脂含量及分布的关系。方法 用PCR-RFLP检测359例无亲缘关系的中国人[据1997年ADA标准分为:糖耐量正常者(normal glucose tolerance,NGT)193例,2型糖尿病166例]UCP2基因A55V变异的基因型,局部体脂分布参数用核磁共振仪(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)测定。结果 在NGT组中,UCP2基因A55V变异与女性的体重指数(body mass index,BMI)及股部皮下脂肪面积(femoral subcutaneous adipose tissue area,FA)相关(P值分别为0.0246及0.0017);与男性的血甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)水平相关(P=0.0072)。在2型糖尿病组中,同样可以发现UCP2基因A55V变异与女性的FA相关(P=0.0150)。AA纯合子的女性(无论是NGT还是2型糖尿病)具有较低的FA。Logistic回归分析发现:UCP2基因A55V变异与FA(NGT女性:P=0.0098;2型糖尿病女性:P=0.0071)、BMI(NGT女性:P=0.0016)以及TG水平(NGT男性:P=0.0040)相关。结论 UCP2基因A55V变异与中国女性的FA(无论是在NGT还是在2型糖尿病组中)及BMI(在NGT组中)相关,因此UCP2基因该变异参与了中国女性的体脂含量及分布的调节。
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    The association between A55V variant in UCP2 gene and body fat distribution,serum lipid profile in Chinese*

    ZHENG Yiman, XIANG Kunsan, ZHANG Rong, JIA Weiping, LU Junxi, TANG Junlin, LI Jie. (Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233 P.R. China)

    【Abstract】 Objective Uncoupling protein 2(UCP2) could play an important role in energy metabolism and body weight regulation. The aim of this study was to investigate Ala55Val(A55V) variant in the UCP2 gene has effects on serum lipid profile, body fat and its distribution in Chinese.Methods The genotypes of A55V variant in the UCP2 gene were determined by a PCR-RFLP assay in 359 unrelated Chinese [including 193 normal glucose tolerance(NGT) and 166 type 2 diabetic subjects by ADA 97' criteria].The parameters for regional adipose tissue distribution were measured by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). Results In NGT group, an association between A55V variant in the UCP2 gene and body mass index (BMI) (P=0.0246),as well as femoral subcutaneous adipose tissue area (FA) (P=0.0017), was noted in females. A55V variant in the UCP2 gene was also associated with serum triglyceride (TG) level (P=0.0072) in males. However, in type 2 diabetes group, an association between A55V variant in the UCP2 gene and FA (P=0.0150) was replicated in females too. Those females who were homozygotes of AA in the UCP2 gene had decreased FA not only in NGT group but also in type 2 diabetes group. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis indicated that FA (P=0.0098 in NGT females, P=0.0071 in type 2 diabetic females) and BMI (P=0.0016 in NGT females), as well as TG level(P=0.0040 in NGT males) were associated with this variant in the UCP2 gene.Conclusion A55V variant in the UCP2 gene is associated not only with FA(in NGT females and type 2 diabetic females) but also with BMI (in NGT females). Therefore A55V variant in the UCP2 gene appears to play a role in body fat and its distribution in Chinese females.
, 百拇医药
    【Key words】 uncoupling protein 2 gene; type 2 diabetes mellitus; body fat distribution; gene variant

    2型糖尿病、冠心病、高血压以及血脂紊乱(dyslipidemia)被认为是一组具有共同遗传背景、又有各自遗传基础的复杂病(complex disease),在其发病的诸多因素中,胰岛素抵抗是最可能的机理之一。已明确体脂含量及分布异常是胰岛素抵抗的主要发病基础,所以参与体脂异常的遗传因素近年日益受到关注。

    1997年Fleury等[1]发现了解偶联蛋白2(uncoupling protein 2,UCP2)基因,并将其定位于人类染色体11q13,该基因编码蛋白质的氨基酸序列与以往报道的UCP1蛋白具有59%的一致性。UCP2蛋白广泛表达于人体各种组织,通过参与线粒体呼吸过程的解偶联作用产热,从而调节机体的能量消耗,因此推测UCP2基因可能通过对人体脂肪氧化及能量平衡调控而对机体的体脂含量及分布发生影响。我们以UCP2基因编码区Ala55Val(A55V)变异作为标记, 研究其与中国人脂代谢、体脂含量及分布的关系。
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    1 对象与方法

    1.1 研究对象 选取无亲缘关系的上海地区中国人(汉族)359例,按美国糖尿病学会(ADA)1997年糖尿病诊断及分类标准,可分为糖耐量正常组(NGT):193例(男∶女为84∶109),年龄52.99±11.67岁,体重指数(body mass index,BMI)25.61±4.33 kg/m2;2型糖尿病组(2型DM):166例(男∶女为75∶91),年龄56.37±9.66岁,BMI26.76±3.67 kg/m2,2型糖尿病患者均为未经治疗的初诊患者。

    1.2 研究方法

    1.2.1 体脂含量及分布 BMI测定:脱鞋及穿内衣测身高及体重,BMI=体重(kg)/身高2(m)2。腹部内脏脂肪面积(abdominal visceral adipose tissue area,VA)、腹部皮下脂肪面积(abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue area,SA)以及股部皮下脂肪面积(femoral subcutaneous adipose tissue area,FA):用日本岛津SMT-100型核磁共振仪测定,研究对象取水平仰卧位,腹部扫描平面为L4~L5间,股部扫描平面为髂棘至膝关节的中点处,机配软件进行面积计算。
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    1.2.2 糖脂代谢测定 所有研究对象均进行口服75 g葡萄糖耐量试验,于0、120 min分别测定血浆葡萄糖(酶法)。此外尚测定空腹脂代谢谱,即总胆固醇(TC,酶法),甘油三酯(TG,酶法),高密度及低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-C及LDL-C,硫酸葡聚糖-锰沉淀法及公式计算)。

    1.2.3 UCP2基因A55V变异分析 常规酚/氯仿法抽提外周血基因组DNA,以100 ngDNA为模板在总反应体积30 μl内行错配PCR扩增,上游引物为5′-GGGCCAGTGCGCGCTGCAG-3′,下游引物为5′-CATTTGGCGCTGCAGGCCGG-3′[2](CyberSyn公司合成),PCR反应条件:94℃预变性5 min;94℃变性1 min,60℃退火1 min,72℃延伸1 min,共30循环;最后72℃进一步延伸10 min。PCR扩增产物126 bp片段,继以限制性内切酶Bbv Ⅰ(BioLab公司)在37℃酶解PCR产物12 h,经10%非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(29∶1)分离酶解产物片段,溴化乙锭染色后紫外光下观察:AA纯合子电泳带型为98bp带,VV纯合子电泳带型为126 bp带,AV杂合子电泳带型126 bp带及98 bp带(图1)。
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    1.3 统计学分析 以Hardy-Weinberg平衡检验确认研究样本的群体代表性,各组间临床变量比较运用ANOVA检验。正态分布变量以(x±s)表示;偏态变量以中位数(25%位数,75%位数)表示,偏态变量在统计学处理前先经自然对数转换。应用Logistic回归分析UCP2基因型的独立相关变量。上述数据处理运用SAS软件分析。

    图1 UCP2基因A/V55变异电泳结果

    Fig 1 Electrophoresis result of A/V55 variants of UCP2 gene

    2 结果

    2.1 UCP2基因A55V变异与糖耐量正常者脂代谢、体脂含量及分布的关系 按性别分组可见UCP2基因A55V变异与男性的TG水平相关(P=0.0072);与女性的BMI(P=0.0246)及FA大小(P=0.0017)相关(表1)。由于V等位基因携带者(即AV及VV基因型)中各临床变量水平较相近,故以V携带者与非V携带者(即AA基因型)间进行组间变量比较发现:男性中V携带者具有较高的TG水平(P=0.0018),女性中非V携带者(AA基因型)具有较低的FA(P=0.0003)及BMI(P=0.0064)。
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    2.2 UCP2基因A55V变异与2型糖尿病脂代谢、体脂含量及分布的关系(表2) 同样按性别分组可见UCP2基因A55V变异与2型糖尿病女性的FA(P=0.0150)相关(表2)。进一步在V携带者与非V携带者(即AA基因型)间进行组间变量比较发现:女性中非V携带者(AA基因型)具有较低的FA(P=0.0042)。

    表1 UCP2基因A55V变异与糖耐量正常者脂代谢、体脂含量及分布的关系

    Table 1 The relationship between A55V variant in UCP2 gene and body fat distribution,serum lipid profile in NGT group Item

    (项目)

    NGT male group(n=84)
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    [NGT男性组(n=84)]

    NGT female group(n=109)

    [NGT女性组(n=109)]

    AA(n=19)

    AV(n=53)

    VV(n=12)

    P value

    (P值)

    AA(n=35)

    AV(n=53)

    VV(n=21)
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    P value

    (P值)

    Normal variable(正态变量)

    Age(year)〔年龄(岁)〕

    51.74±12.62

    55.79±12.50

    51.17±8.03

    0.2932

    54.29±10.76

    52.47±10.79

    47.29±13.47
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    0.0811

    BMI(kg/m2)

    24.45±3.55

    25.06±4.45

    25.32±3.91

    0.4662

    24.09±3.63

    26.57±4.54

    26.52±4.89

    0.0246

    SBp(mmHg)

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    129.68±18.12

    130.67±17.58

    0.9137

    126.86±21.99

    127.19±17.89

    133.90±27.93

    0.4229

    〔收缩压(mmHg)〕

    DBp(mmHg)

    82.79±10.88
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    83.04±11.65

    85.00±9.69

    0.8430

    79.37±11.23

    83.42±9.87

    85.38±11.90

    0.0920

    〔舒张压(mmHg)〕

    HDL-C(mmol/L)

    1.17±0.35

    1.23±0.29

, 百拇医药     1.16±0.33

    0.6924

    1.35±0.40

    1.32±0.38

    1.33±0.28

    0.9304

    LDL-C(mmol/L)

    3.29±1.28

    3.46±1.13

    4.02±1.37

    0.2106

    3.32±0.88
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    3.32±1.39

    3.18±1.17

    0.8837

    TC(mmol/L)

    5.31±1.67

    5.21±0.86

    5.79±1.26

    0.1898

    5.21±0.89

    5.27±1.40

    5.16±1.04

    0.9377
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    FPG(mmol/L)

    4.30±0.80

    4.28±0.81

    4.21±1.25

    0.9598

    4.31±0.95

    4.42±0.72

    4.28±1.03

    0.7635

    2h-PG(mmol/L)

    5.06±1.58

    5.22±1.43
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    5.34±1.35

    0.8638

    5.22±1.26

    5.64±1.31

    5.81±1.39

    0.1907

    SA(cm2)

    160.29±59.63

    146.16±96.74

    132.62±55.65

    0.6677

, 百拇医药     201.80±63.59

    233.44±78.93

    208.19±77.69

    0.1195

    FA(cm2)

    58.44±18.68

    55.82±20.17

    54.87±20.19

    0.9175

    85.18±23.17

    106.90±30.50
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    107.04±32.76

    0.0017

    VA(cm2)

    96.96±39.79

    83.06±51.14

    76.97±56.08

    0.4760

    83.02±49.83

    83.35±42.93

    78.96±36.21

    0.9235
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    Skewed variable(偏态变量)

    TG(mmol/L)

    2.03(1.01,2.89)

    1.06(0.73,1.36)

    1.25(0.80,1.80)

    0.0072

    1.23(0.89,1.66)

    1.17(0.78,1.63)

    1.36(0.78,1.91)

    0.7505

    Normal variables were shown as mean±s(正态变量以均数±标准差表示);Skewed variable was shown as median(25%,75% range)[偏态变量以中位数(25%位数,75%位数)表示];SBp=systolic blood pressure(收缩压);DBp=diastolic blood pressure(舒张压);FPG=fasting plasma glucose(空腹血糖);2h-PG=plasma glucose at 2 hours after 75 gram oral glucose load(口服葡萄糖负荷后2小时血糖);SA=abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue area(腹部皮下脂肪面积);FA=femoral subcutaneous adipose tissue area(股部皮下脂肪面积);VA=abdominal visceral adipose tissue area(腹部内脏脂肪面积)表2 UCP2基因A55V变异与2型糖尿病脂代谢、体脂含量及分布的关系
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    Table 2 The relationship between A55V variant in UCP2 gene and body fat distribution,serum lipid profile in type 2 diabetes group Item

    (项目)

    Type 2 diabetic male group(n=75)

    [2型DM男性组(n=75)]

    Type 2 diabetic female group(n=91)

    [2型DM女性组(n=91)]

    AA(n=19)

    AV(n=42)
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    VV(n=14)

    P Value

    (P值)

    AA(n=24)

    AV(n=46)

    VV(n=21)

    P Value

    (P值)

    Normal variable(正态变量)

    Age(year)〔年龄(岁)〕

    56.37±11.07

    58.07±8.72
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    55.71±10.86

    0.6726

    55.83±9.40

    55.15±10.28

    56.67±8.33

    0.8370

    BMI(kg/m2)

    25.69±2.38

    26.30±3.30

    27.06±3.02

    0.4472
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    26.29±4.01

    27.64±4.07

    27.03±4.28

    0.4229

    SBp(mmHg)

    137.37±15.76

    139.52±21.06

    139.29±24.25

    0.9280

    141.17±16.59

    137.24±23.22
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    139.05±17.07

    0.7385

    〔收缩压(mmHg)〕

    DBp(mmHg)

    85.42±9.52

    88.38±11.29

    90.43±12.94

    0.4289

    84.96±10.28

    83.22±11.25

    88.62±11.54
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    0.1859

    〔舒张压(mmHg)〕

    HDL-C(mmol/L)

    1.05±0.27

    1.17±0.34

    1.15±0.50

    0.4993

    1.15±0.34

    1.22±0.36

    1.24±0.46

    0.6922

    LDL-C(mmol/L)
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    3.95±1.71

    3.66±1.49

    3.36±1.74

    0.5739

    3.65±1.42

    4.07±1.48

    3.22±1.21

    0.0690

    TC(mmol/L)

    5.73±1.74

    5.52±1.47

    5.28±1.51
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    0.7044

    5.55±1.40

    5.94±1.44

    5.28±1.26

    0.1789

    FPG(mmol/L)

    8.32±2.03

    6.92±2.24

    7.70±2.91

    0.0912

    7.27±1.72

    7.03±2.12
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    6.91±2.14

    0.8271

    2h-PG(mmol/L)

    14.39±4.62

    12.75±4.64

    14.35±5.51

    0.3518

    14.07±3.73

    12.45±5.07

    12.36±4.93

    0.3458

    SA(cm2)
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    140.98±36.75

    147.20±98.94

    154.19±15.56

    0.6686

    214.40±53.07

    242.95±82.05

    229.32±79.98

    0.3177

    FA(cm2)

    49.18±11.44

    54.84±21.50
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    52.18±15.02

    0.5318

    82.57±18.17

    102.61±31.21

    100.01±27.98

    0.0150

    VA(cm2)

    92.89±27.66

    107.62±38.44

    121.68±46.86

    0.1000
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    93.31±50.31

    103.06±44.97

    106.20±51.58

    0.6247

    Skewed variable(偏态变量)

    TG(mmol/L)

    1.30(0.99,2.43)

    1.41(1.17,2.03)

    1.63(1.10,2.94)

    0.7647

    1.51(1.19,2.75)
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    1.50(1.01,2.03)

    1.73(1.03,2.30)

    0.5451

    The notes in Tabel 2 are the same as in Table 1

    2.3 中国人UCP2基因A55V变异的独立相关变量在NGT组中按性别分组,以UCP2基因A55V变异的基因型为因变量(其中AA=0;AV及VV=1),以研究对象的所有临床变量为自变量进行非条件Logistic回归分析发现:在NGT男性中TG(P=0.0040)与该基因变异相关,在NGT女性中BMI(P=0.0016),FA

    (P=0.0098),VA(P=0.0157)及SA(P=0.0214)与该基因变异相关。同样在2型DM组中进行类似分析发现:在2型糖尿病女性中可见FA(P=0.0071)与该基因变异相关。由于NGT组及2型DM组中均见FA与UCP2基因A55V变异相关,故将两组合并以UCP2基因A55V变异的基因型为因变量,以研究对象的所有临床变量及糖尿病状态(NGT=0,2型DM=1)为自变量进行非条件Logistic回归分析仅见FA(P=0)与UCP2基因A55V变异相关。
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    3 讨论

    UCP2基因在人类各种组织及器官中广泛表达:包括心、肺、肾、胎盘、骨骼肌及脂肪组织等,其编码的蛋白质是位于线粒体内膜上的质子转运体,能够使生物氧化中底物经呼吸链脱氢过程与ADP磷酸化形成ATP过程解偶联,能量则以产热形式消耗。该基因参与机体能量平衡的调控过程,为阐明人类体脂异常的发病机理提供了新的研究线索[1]

    近年研究发现,UCP2基因区域与白种人及Pima印地安人的静息代谢率、BMI相关联[3,4],同样Cassell等[5]于1998年报道UCP2基因第8号外显子内的插入/缺失多态性与南印度人的BMI相关。然而亦有学者研究认为该基因与白种人BMI不相关[6,7]

    我们曾报道UCP1基因-3826(A→G)变异与中国人2型糖尿病VA(在男性中)及FA(在女性中)相关[8],在本研究中我们发现UCP2基因A55V变异与中国人女性FA(无论是NGT还是2型DM)及BMI(在NGT)相关,那些AA纯合子的女性具有较低的FA。先前的研究发现FA减少是中国女性2型糖尿病的风险因素[9],一旦发生2型糖尿病那些具有AA纯合子的患者其葡萄糖兴奋后胰岛素分泌(glucose stimulated insulin secretion,GSIS)功能减退。
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    因此,本研究结果提示:UCP2基因A55V变异与中国人体脂含量及分布相关,其作用存在性别差异(主要表现于女性中),且该基因变异与中国女性股部的脂肪含量相关联。

    基金项目:国家自然科学基金(39800069),上海市“医学领先专业重点学科”基金(96-Ⅲ-004),上海市青年科技明星计划(97QB14021)

    参考文献

    [1]Fleury C,Neverova M,Collins S,et al.Uncoupling protein-2:a novel gene linked to obesity and hyperinsulinemia.Nature Genet,1997,15∶269-272.

    [2]Urhammer SA,Dalagaard LT,Sorensen TIA,et al.Mutational analysis of coding region of the uncoupling protein 2 gene in obese NIDDM patients:impact of a common amino acid polymorphism on juvenile and maturity onset forms of obesity and insulin resistance.Diabetologia,1997,40∶1227-1230.
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    [3]Bouchard C,Perusse L,Chagnon YC,et al.Linkage between markers in the vicinity of the uncoupling protein 2 gene and resting metabolic rate in humans.Hum Mol Genet,1997,6∶1887-1889.

    [4]Walder K,Norman RA,Hanson RL,et al.Association between uncoupling protein polymorphisms(UCP2-UCP3)and energy metabolic/obesity in Pima Indians.Hum Mol Genet,1998,7∶1431-1435.

    [5]Cassell PG,Neverova M,Janmohammed S,et al.An association between UCP2 gene and body mass index in a south Indian population.Diabetologia, 1998,41 (Suppl l)∶A110.
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    [6]Elbein SC,Leppert M,Hasstedt S.Uncoupling protein 2 gene region on chromosome 11q13 is not linked to markers of obesity in familial type 2 diabetes.Diabetes,1997,46∶2105-2107.

    [7]Otabe S,Clement K,Rich N,et al.Mutation screening of human UCP2 gene in normoglycemic and NIDDM morbidly obese patients.Diabetes,1998,47∶840-842.

    [8]Zheng YM, Xiang KS, Jia WP, et al.Effects of A→G (-3826) variant of the uncoupling protein (UCP) gene on lipid metabolism, body fat and its distribution in type 2 diabetic Chinese. Chin J Endocrinol Metab, 1998,14∶224-227.〔郑以漫,项坤三,贾伟平,等.UCP基因A→G(-3826)变异与中国人2型糖尿病脂代谢、体脂含量及分布的关系.中华内分泌代谢杂志,1998,14∶224-227.〕

    [9]Jia WP, Xiang KS, Ding W, et al.Measurement of body fat distribution in 301 subjects and its variation in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients. Natl Med J China, 1997,77∶851-853.〔贾伟平,项坤三,丁炜,等.301人体脂分布测定及非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病患者的改变.中华医学杂志,1997,77∶851-853.〕

    收稿日期:1999-04-25, 百拇医药