新洁灵消毒精杀灭微生物效果的实验观察
作者:朱厚宏 王德来
单位:成都市第二卫生防疫站,温江 611130
关键词:双长链季铵盐;溴化双(十二烷基二甲基);乙撑二铵;杀菌作用;金黄色葡萄球菌;大肠杆菌;白色念球菌;HBsAg
中国消毒学杂志9901004 提要 新洁灵消毒精为双长链季铵盐类消毒剂,含5%溴化双(十二烷基二甲基)乙撑二铵。其含0.25%有效成分稀释液对金黄色葡萄球菌作用5min,含0.50%者对大肠杆菌作用5min与对白色念珠菌作用10min,杀灭率均可达100%。含0.25%者作用10min,可将HBsAg 抗原性破坏。杀菌作用因有机物存在而减弱,随温度升高而增强。
EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATION ON GERMICIDAL EFFICACYC OF XINJIELING DISINFECTANT
Zhu Houhong Wang Delai
(Second Sanitary and Anti-epidemic Station of Chengdu City, Wenjiang 611130)
Abstract The Xinjieling Disinfectant (XJL) is a disinfectant of double long chain quaternary ammonium salt and contains 5% di(dodecyl dimethyl) ethylene diammonium bromide (DDEDB). Its 0.25% solution obtained after 20-fold dilution of Xinjieling killed 100% of Staphylococcus aureus in 5min and destroyed the antigenicity of HBsAg in 10min. Its 0.5% solution killed 100% of Escherichia coli in 5min and 100% of Candida albicans in 10min. Its germicidal efficacy increased with increasing temperature and decreased in presence of organic substance.
Key words doulble long chain quaternary ammonium salt di(dodecyl dimethyl) ethylene diammonium bromide germicidal effect Staphylococcus aureusEscherichia coli Candida albicans HBsAg
新洁灵消毒精(下简称新洁灵)为双长链季铵盐消毒剂,杀菌有效成分为5%溴化双(十二烷基二甲基)乙撑二铵(didodecyldimethyl ethylene diammonium bromide,DDEDB)。在实验室对其杀灭微生物效果及影响因素进行了实验观察。现将结果报道如下。
1 方法
1.1 中和剂选择试验
试验菌为金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC 6538)。试验分6组:① 消毒剂+菌液;②(消毒剂+菌液)+中和剂;③中和剂+菌液;④(消毒剂+中和剂)+菌液;⑤正常菌对照;⑥未接种菌的培养基对照。试验结果,当第6组不长菌,第3、4、5组组间菌数差≤ 10%,第1组不长菌或长菌量远低于第2组,第2组长菌量超过100cfu/ml时,为所用中和剂及其浓度适宜〔1,2〕。
1.2 悬液定量杀菌试验
试验菌为金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌(ATCC 25922)与白色念珠菌(ATCC 10231)。试验时,取0.5ml菌液加入4.5ml消毒液(对照为无菌蒸馏水)中,混匀。置于25℃恒温水浴作用至预定时间,取0.5ml菌药混合液,加入4.5ml中和剂溶液中,混匀。作用10min,取该液或其稀释液1.0ml 接种平皿,倾注普通营养琼脂(白色念珠菌为沙氏葡萄糖琼脂)并混匀。于37℃培养18~24h(白色念珠菌于28℃培养5d),计数菌落数,计算杀灭率。
1.3 乙型肝炎表面抗原破坏试验
将纯化乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)制成含量为80μg/ml 的悬液,用1份该悬液与5份消毒液混合。作用至预定时间,再加入与混合液等量的中和剂溶液,混匀。中和作用10min,用ELISA 法检测OD值。试验设阴性对照(消毒液加中和剂作用的中和产物)与阳性对照(中和产物加HBsAg)。以试验组OD值(S)与阴性对照OD值(N)之比(S/N)≤ 2.1为 HBsAg阴性。
2 结果
2.1 中和剂试验结果
试验中,以含1.0%吐温80、0.1%卵磷脂与0.5%硫代硫酸钠的溶液作用于含O1.0%有效成分的新洁灵溶液,可符合中和要求(表1)。表1 新洁灵中和试验结果
Table 1 Result of neutralization test for Xinjieling 组别
Group
平均菌数
Average bacterial
count
(cfu/ml)
消毒剂+菌液
Disinfectant+bacterial
suspension
0
(消毒剂+菌液)+中和剂
(Disinfectant+bacterial
suspension)+neutralizer
190
中和剂+菌液
Neutralizer+bacterial
suspension
1560000
(消毒剂+中和剂)+菌液
(Disinfectant+neutralizer)
+bacterial suspension
1520000
正常菌对照
Normal bacterial
control
1650000
未接种菌的培养基对照
Uninoculated culture
medium control
0
注:试验菌为大肠杆菌。试验温度为25℃。含1.0%DDEDB的消毒液加菌后作用1min。加中和剂后作用10min。结果为5次试验平均值。
Note: The test bacteria was E.coli. The temperature was 25℃. The exposure time of bacterial suspension to the disinfectant (1.0% DDEDB) was 1min and the neutraling time was 10min. The results are means of 5 tests.
2.2 杀菌效果
经悬液杀菌试验,含0.25%有效成分的新洁灵溶液对金黄色葡萄球菌作用5min,含0.50%有效成分者对大肠杆菌作用5min与对白色念珠菌作用10min,杀灭率均为100%(表2)。表2 新洁灵对悬液中微生物的杀灭效果
Table 2 Efficacy of Xinjieling in killing microorganism in suspension DDEDB浓度
Concentration
of DDEDBC
(%)
作用不同时间(min)的杀灭率(%)
Killing rate (%) after exposure
for different periods of time (min)
2
5
10
15
金黄色葡萄球菌
S.aureus
0.167
99.65
97.32
98.45
98.99
0.250
99.96
100.00
100.00
100.00
0.500
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
1.000
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
大肠杆菌
E.coli
0.167
97.55
98.64
98.90
99.60
0.250
98.65
99.86
100.00
100.00
0.500
99.97
100.00
100.00100.00
100.00
1.000
100.00
100.00
100.00
白色念珠菌
C.albicans
0.167
93.55
95.42
96.60
98.96
0.250
98.00
98.99
99.65
100.00
0.500
99.60
99.96
100.00
100.00
1.000
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
注:试验温度为25℃。对照组平均菌数金黄色葡萄球菌为662000cfu/ml,大肠杆菌为578 000cfu/ml,白色念珠菌为126 000cfu/ml。结果为5次试验平均值。
Note: The temperature was 25℃. The average bacterial count of the positive control group was 662000cfu/ml for S.aureus, 578000cfu/ml for E.coli and 126000cfu/ml for C.albicans. The results are means of 5 tests. 2.3 影响因素
2.3.1 有机物 以小牛血清代表有机物。当菌悬液中小牛血清浓度为5%时,对新洁灵杀灭金黄色葡萄球菌与大肠杆菌的效果均有明显影响(表3)。
表3 有机物对新洁灵杀菌效果的影响
Table 3 Influence of organic substance on germicidal efficacy of Xinjieling
小牛血清浓度
Calf serum
concentration
(%)
作用不同时间(min)的平均杀灭率(%)
Average killing rate (%) after exposurec
for different periods of time (min)
2
5
10
金黄色葡萄球菌
S.aureus
0
100.00
100.00
100.00
5
72.85
84.22
89.55
10
67.56
77.43
81.20
大肠杆菌
E.coli
0
100.00
100.00
100.00
5
85.43
94.28
96.72
10
64.79
87.63
91.71
注:试验温度为26℃。新洁灵溶液含1.0% DDEDB。对照组平均菌数金黄色葡萄球菌为556 000cfu/ml,大肠杆菌为472 000cfu/ml。结果为3次试验平均值。
Note: The temperature was 26℃. The Xinjieling solution contains 1.0% DDEDB. The average bacterial count of the positive control group was 556 000cfu/ml for S.aureus and 472 000cfu/ml for E.coli. The results are means of 3 tests.
2.3.2温度 试验表明,在30~60℃,新洁灵杀菌作用随温度升高而明显增强(表4)。 表4 温度对新洁灵杀菌效果的影响
Table 3 Influence of temperature on germicidal efficacy of Xinjieling 温度
Temperature
(℃)
平均杀灭率
Average killing rate (%)
金黄色葡萄球菌
S.aureus
大肠杆菌
E.coli
30
98.24
99.22
40
99.86
99.98
50
99.98
100.00
60
100.00
100.00
注:以含0.167%DDEDB的新洁灵溶液作用5 min。对照组平均菌数金黄色葡萄球菌为478 000cfu/ml,大肠杆菌为563 000cfu/ml。结果为3次试验平均值。
Note: The exposure time of bacteria to Xinjieling solution containing 0.167% DDEDB was 5min. The average bacterial count of the positive control group was 478 000cfu/ml for S.aureus and 563 000cfu/ml for E.coli. The results are means of 3 tests. 2.4 对HBsAg的破坏作用结果表明,以含0.25%有效成分的新洁灵溶液作用10min,或以含0.167%有效成分者作用20min,均可将悬液中HBsAg抗原性破坏(表5)。
表5 新洁灵对悬液中HBsAg的破坏作用
Table 5 Destructive effect of Xinjieling on HBsAg in suspension
DDEDB浓度
Concentration
of DDEDB
(%)
作用不同时间(min)的S/N值
S/N value after contact for
different periods of time (min)
5
10
20
30
1.000
1.5
1.3
1.2
1.2
0.500
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.2
0.250
2.3
1.9
1.8
1.6
0.167
2.6
2.4
1.9
1.6
注:试验温度为25℃。阳性对照S/N值为85.6。结果为5次试验平均值。
Note: The temperature was 25℃. The S/N value of positive control was 85.6. The results are means of 5 tests.
3 结语
结果表明,室温下,0.25%新洁灵对金黄色葡萄球菌作用5min,0.50%新洁灵对大肠杆菌作用5min与对白色念珠菌作用10min,杀灭率均达100%。0.25%新洁灵作用10 min,可将悬液中HBsAg抗原性破坏。菌悬液中含5%小牛血清可明显减弱其杀菌效果,温度较高其杀菌作用增强。
参考文献
〔1〕王云峰,王有森,白竟玉,等. 消毒技术规范. 北京:卫生部,1991: 84~85.
〔2〕陈胤忠,袁朝森,胡琳,等. 过氧化氢复方消毒剂杀灭微生物效果的崐实验观察. 中国消毒学杂志, 1998; 15(2): 65.
(1998-05-24收稿 1998-09-28修回)