北京市朝阳区外来学龄前儿童免疫规划管理现状及对策(1)
【摘要】 目的 了解北京市朝阳区外来儿童免疫规划管理现状，为采取有效措施提高儿童规范免疫接种水平提供参考。方法 在朝阳区辖区范围内搜索外来学龄前儿童共46 907人，调查儿童的预防接种情况。结果 在调查地居住2个月以上外来儿童建卡率和建证率分别为65.2%和76.7%，建卡率低于建证率；外来儿童基础第一剂糖丸漏种率明显高于基础第二、三剂，但零剂次外来儿童中，83.9%属于已接种但无记录的情况；外来儿童麻疹、三联、流脑和乙脑疫苗的零剂次率分别为23.5%，23.9%，26.1%和27.1%。结论 外来儿童预防接种卡证管理水平较低，制约了免疫规划管理质量的提高。
【关键词】 免疫接种规划；组织和管理；儿童，学龄前；暂居者和移居者
【中图分类号】 R 179 R 186 【文献标识码】 A 【文章编号】 1000-9817(2007)11-0985-02
Immunization Situation and Policy for Immigrating Pre-school Children in Chaoyang District of Beijing/LIU Fang. Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Chaoyang District of Beijing，Beijing (100021)，China
, 百拇医药
【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the immunization situation of immigrating pre-school children living in the Chaoyang district of Beijing in order to provide effective measures to improve the standard immunization coverage in children. Methods 46 907 immigrating pre-school children living in the Chaoyang District were investigated in details about their immunization situation. Results Among the children residing in the district over 2 months，65.2% of them had immunization cards and 76.7% had immunization certificates；Percentage of missing the first poliovirus vaccine was higher than that of the second and third ones，however，in the children who seemed to have none vaccination，83.9% had taken with only no documents；Percentage of the other routine immunized vaccines were listed as： Measles (23.5%)，DTP (23.9%)，Meningitis(26.1%) and Encephalitis B(27.1%). Conclusion Immunization cards or certificate's management over immigrating pre-school children is weak，which restricts the quality improvement of immunization management.
, 百拇医药
【Key words】 Immunization programs；Organization and administration；Child，preschool；Transients and migrants
随着经济快速发展和人口流动加剧，农村人口大量涌入城市，给城市儿童免疫规划管理带来许多问题，突出表现为外来儿童免疫接种率较低，削弱了城市本已建立起来的免疫屏障，使原来处于低水平发病的传染性疾病呈现多发、高发趋势。为了解外来儿童免疫规划管理现状，寻找解决外来儿童免疫规划管理相对薄弱的对策，笔者对北京市朝阳区外来儿童的基本情况以及免疫规划相关指标进行调查，现将结果报道如下。
1 对象与方法
1.1 对象 选取在朝阳区居住的无北京市户籍的外来学龄前儿童。外来儿童是指外地来本地区从事商务、劳务、兴办实业等活动的外省市居民所带来的适龄子女[1]。朝阳区现有外来儿童46 907人，其中在北京出生的15 252人，不在北京出生的31 655人；在北京居住时间1 a的24 218人。
, http://www.100md.com
1.2 方法 由各街乡公共卫生委员会负责组织政府相关部门(外管办、工商、公安等)组成调查小组，参照有关部门提供的外来儿童名单及住址，在全区范围内展开地毯式搜索，遇到的每一外来学龄前儿童均登记《外来儿童免疫规划管理情况登记表》。
1.3 判定标准 疫苗漏种以《预防接种工作规范》中的《国家免疫规划疫苗的免疫程序》为准。已满某疫苗接种月龄但未接种该疫苗视为该疫苗零剂次。
1.4 资料分析 应用Epi Data 3.02软件建立数据库并录入数据，使用SPSS 11.5软件分析数据。
2 结果
2.1 建卡、建证情况 见表1。外来儿童建卡、建证率随在京居住时间的延长而增加，建证率普遍高于建卡率。在调查地居住2个月以上外来儿童建卡率和建证率分别为65.2%和76.7%，显著高于在调查地居住2个月以下的外来儿童(χ2=2 054.0，1 859.0，P值均, http://www.100md.com(刘 方)
【关键词】 免疫接种规划；组织和管理；儿童，学龄前；暂居者和移居者
【中图分类号】 R 179 R 186 【文献标识码】 A 【文章编号】 1000-9817(2007)11-0985-02
Immunization Situation and Policy for Immigrating Pre-school Children in Chaoyang District of Beijing/LIU Fang. Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Chaoyang District of Beijing，Beijing (100021)，China
, 百拇医药
【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the immunization situation of immigrating pre-school children living in the Chaoyang district of Beijing in order to provide effective measures to improve the standard immunization coverage in children. Methods 46 907 immigrating pre-school children living in the Chaoyang District were investigated in details about their immunization situation. Results Among the children residing in the district over 2 months，65.2% of them had immunization cards and 76.7% had immunization certificates；Percentage of missing the first poliovirus vaccine was higher than that of the second and third ones，however，in the children who seemed to have none vaccination，83.9% had taken with only no documents；Percentage of the other routine immunized vaccines were listed as： Measles (23.5%)，DTP (23.9%)，Meningitis(26.1%) and Encephalitis B(27.1%). Conclusion Immunization cards or certificate's management over immigrating pre-school children is weak，which restricts the quality improvement of immunization management.
, 百拇医药
【Key words】 Immunization programs；Organization and administration；Child，preschool；Transients and migrants
随着经济快速发展和人口流动加剧，农村人口大量涌入城市，给城市儿童免疫规划管理带来许多问题，突出表现为外来儿童免疫接种率较低，削弱了城市本已建立起来的免疫屏障，使原来处于低水平发病的传染性疾病呈现多发、高发趋势。为了解外来儿童免疫规划管理现状，寻找解决外来儿童免疫规划管理相对薄弱的对策，笔者对北京市朝阳区外来儿童的基本情况以及免疫规划相关指标进行调查，现将结果报道如下。
1 对象与方法
1.1 对象 选取在朝阳区居住的无北京市户籍的外来学龄前儿童。外来儿童是指外地来本地区从事商务、劳务、兴办实业等活动的外省市居民所带来的适龄子女[1]。朝阳区现有外来儿童46 907人，其中在北京出生的15 252人，不在北京出生的31 655人；在北京居住时间1 a的24 218人。
, http://www.100md.com
1.2 方法 由各街乡公共卫生委员会负责组织政府相关部门(外管办、工商、公安等)组成调查小组，参照有关部门提供的外来儿童名单及住址，在全区范围内展开地毯式搜索，遇到的每一外来学龄前儿童均登记《外来儿童免疫规划管理情况登记表》。
1.3 判定标准 疫苗漏种以《预防接种工作规范》中的《国家免疫规划疫苗的免疫程序》为准。已满某疫苗接种月龄但未接种该疫苗视为该疫苗零剂次。
1.4 资料分析 应用Epi Data 3.02软件建立数据库并录入数据，使用SPSS 11.5软件分析数据。
2 结果
2.1 建卡、建证情况 见表1。外来儿童建卡、建证率随在京居住时间的延长而增加，建证率普遍高于建卡率。在调查地居住2个月以上外来儿童建卡率和建证率分别为65.2%和76.7%，显著高于在调查地居住2个月以下的外来儿童(χ2=2 054.0，1 859.0，P值均, http://www.100md.com(刘 方)