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(收稿日期：2018-10-16 修回日期：2018-11-11)
(編辑：梁明佩), 百拇医药(段雨辰 黄忠仕 李军 项琳)
[33] De Gaudio AR，Rinaldi S，Chelazzi C，et al.Pathophysiology of sepsis in the elderly：clinical impact and therapeutic considerations[J].Current Drug Targets，2009， 10(1)：60-70.
[34] Mohsenin V.Assessment of preload and fluid responsiveness in intensive care unit.How good are we[J].Journal of Critical Care，2015，30(3)：567-573.
[35] Bentzer P，Griesdale DE，Boyd J，et al.Will This Hemodynamically Unstable Patient Respond to a Bolus of Intravenous Fluids？[J].JAMA，2016，316(12)：1298-1309.
[36] Clifford KM，Dyboarman EA，Haase KK，et al.Challenges with Diagnosing and Managing Sepsis in Older Adults[J].Expert review of anti-infective therapy，2016，14(2)：231-241.
[37] Hotchkiss RS，Karl IE.The pathophysiology and treatment of sepsis[J].The New England Journal of Medicine，2003，348(2)：138-150.
[38] Giamarellos-bourboulis E，Adamis T，Sabracos L，et al.Clarithromycin：immunomodulatory therapy of experimental sepsis and acute pyelonephritis by Escherichia coli[J].Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases，2005，37(1)：48-54.
[39] Osuchowski MF，Connett J，Welch K，et al.Stratification is the key：inflammatory biomarkers accurately direct immunomodulatory therapy in experimental sepsis[J].Critical Care Medicine，2009，37(5)：1567-1573.
(收稿日期：2018-10-16 修回日期：2018-11-11)
(編辑：梁明佩), 百拇医药(段雨辰 黄忠仕 李军 项琳)