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机械通气救治急性药物中毒并发呼吸衰竭探讨(1)
http://www.100md.com 2011年8月1日 郑光宇
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     【摘要】目的 探讨早期应用机械通气对急性药物中毒患者并发急性呼吸功能不全和急性呼吸功能衰竭的效果。方法 16例急性药物中毒患者导致急性呼吸功能不全和衰竭后立即采用机械通气,患者均在机械通气后1小时、24小时和脱机后1小时分别进行动脉血气分析。结果 急性药物中毒并发ARF,经机械通气1小时后,能很快纠正低氧血症,改善CO2潴留,血气分析结果PaO2和PaCO2与机械通气前比较,具有显著性差异(p<0.05),15例患者均在1周内痊愈出院。结论 机械通气是治疗急性药物中毒并发呼吸衰竭患者的关键,急救成功与其时机及合理应用密切相关,因此,适当放宽机械通气指征,,提高急性药物中毒救治成功率,降低其死亡率,值得推广应用。

    【关键词】机械通气 急性药物中毒 呼吸衰竭

    中图分类号:R595.4 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1005-0515(2011)8-001-02

    Mechanical ventilation treatment of acute poisoning with respiratory failure

    ZHENG Guangyu

    (Sichuan Yibin City, First People's Hospital Emergency Department, Sichuan Yibin 644000)

    【Abstract】Objective To investigate the early use of mechanical ventilation for acute poisoning patients with acute respiratory failure and acute respiratory failure results.Methods 16 cases of acute lead poisoning in patients with acute respiratory insufficiency and failure immediately after the use of mechanical ventilation, mechanical ventilation in patients after 1 hour, 24 hours and 1 hour after the off-line arterial blood gas analysis, respectively. Results Acute poisoning complicated by ARF, after 1 hour of mechanical ventilation, can quickly correct the hypoxemia, improve CO2 retention, blood gas analysis PaO2 and PaCO2 and before mechanical ventilation, compared with a significant difference (p <0.05), 15 patients were discharged within 1 week. Conclusions Mechanical ventilation is the treatment of acute drug poisoning with respiratory failure in patients with critical first aid to their success is closely related to rational use of time and, therefore, appropriate indications for mechanical ventilation to relax, to improve the success rate of treatment of acute drug toxicity, reduce mortality, it is worth promoting application.

    【Keywords】Mechanical ventilation of acute respiratory failure, drug poisoning

    近年来,急性药物中毒的发生率明显升高。急性呼吸衰竭(ARF)是急性药物中毒最常见的并发症之一[1]。而对急性药物中毒并发ARF的治疗,既经多采用呼吸兴奋剂、NaHCO4和提高吸氧浓度联合治疗,往往疗效不佳,死亡率也较高。自2004年来,我们对急性药物中毒并发ARF应用机械通气治疗,取得了满意疗效。报告如下:

    1 资料与方法

    1.1 一般资料 本文16例ARF患者,男性5例(31.25%),女性11例(68.75%),年龄最大的65岁,最不的15岁,平均年龄38岁。16例患者中,1例因吸毒,静脉推注强痛定注射液400mg,引起急性强痛定中毒(6.25%),15例患者均为口服中毒,其中急性安眠药类中毒6例(37 ......

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