导致飞行员社交回避及苦恼的心理多因素分析
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【摘 要】 目的 分析导致飞行员社交回避及苦恼的心理社会因素。方法 对458名飞行员进行社交回避及苦恼量表、症状自评量表、艾森克人格问卷、特质应对问卷、领悟社会支持量表、生活事件量表测评。数据采用SPSS 10.0作相关、多因素回归分析。结果 飞行员社交回避及苦恼与心理健康水平、个性、特质应对、社会支持、生活事件有显著相关性，运输机飞行员社交回避及苦恼均显著大于其他机种飞行员，疾病组社交苦恼明显大于健康组。多元回归分析显示，内外向、消极应对方式和神经质对社交回避行为的贡献最大(标准回归系数依次为-0.544、0.221、-0.220)；消极应对方式、内外向和人际关系对社交苦恼情感的贡献最大(标准回归系数依次为0.634、-0.257、0.230)。结论 对于存在社交回避及苦恼的飞行员开展心理咨询和治疗时，应该将个性、特质应对、心理健康水平、生活事件等心理社会因素纳入体系，同时要关注运输机飞行员、患病飞行员这方面的问题。
【关键词】 飞行员；社交回避；社交苦恼；心理社会因素
【Abstract】Objective To explore the factors of the Pilots' social avoidance and distress.Methods 458 pilots were evaluated by Social Avoidance and Distress Scale(SAD), Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90), Eysenck's Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), Trait Coping Style Questionnaire(TCSQ),Perceived Social Support Scale(PSSS), and Life Event Scale(LES).The results were analyzed using SPSS10.0.Results The results showed there were significant relationship between Pilots' social avoidance and distresswith mental health, personality,social support, trait coping style, life event； the social avoidance and distress in transports were significantly higher than in other aircrafts；the social distress in diseases group was higher than in the health group. It was showed in the multiple correlation regression analysis that within or outgoing personality,disappearing coping style and neuroticism made the greatest contribution to the social avoidance(standardized coefficients are -0.544,0.221,-0.220 in turn);disappearing coping style, within or outgoing personality and interpersonal made the greatest contribution to the social distress(standardized coefficients are0.634,-0.257,0.230 in turn). Conclusion The psychosocial factors of the personality, trait coping style,mental health, life events must be put into the whole psychological counseling and treatment system for the pilots with social avoidance and distress , and meanwhile the similar problems in transports and the sick pilots must be emphasized.
【Key Words】 Pilot;Social avoidance;Social distress;Psychosocial factors ......
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