mTORC1信号通路对能量代谢调控作用及其机制(3)
6 mTORC1調节氨基酸代谢
mTORC1信号通路是细胞内重要的调控蛋白质代谢通路之一,氨基酸氨基酸不仅是合成蛋白质的底物,同时也作为一种信号分子参与调控mTORC1信号通路,溶酶体是氨基酸激活mTORC1信号通路的一个关键细胞器,溶酶体表面的v-ATPase、Ragulator、Rag GTPase等复合体为mTORC1在溶酶体上的定位提供停泊位点,Ragulator-Rag所介导mTORC1在溶酶体表面的定位是氨基酸激活mTORC1信号通路的关键步骤[18-19]。氨基酸必须首先在溶酶体腔内蓄积才能起始感应信号,且是一种依赖于溶酶体氨基酸转运感受体SLC38A9的作用方式,上述研究结果有利于深入理解氨基酸调节mTORC1信号通路的作用机制。随和研究的深入,参与氨基酸调节mTORC1上游信号通路的调节蛋白质陆续被发现,Sesterins、GATOR2、GATOR1均被发现参与调节此信号通路,但GATOR复合体对MTORC1的调节并不依赖Ragulator[20]。
, http://www.100md.com
7 总结与展望
mTORC1信号通路是参与多种细胞功能的调节重的要调节通路,在能量平衡的外周代谢和中枢神经系统调节中起关键作用。 mTORC1和mTORC2对代谢平衡的调节的关系还需要进一步的研究。一些不同的观点任然存在,临床上,mTORC1是肥胖、糖尿病、癌症和神经退行性疾病治疗的潜在目标。然而,只有各mTORC1复合物确切的分子机制和新化合物专门针对这些新发现的机制后将更进一步扩大在临床上的应用。
参考文献:
[1]Costa-Mattioli M,Monteggia LM.mTOR complexes in neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders[J].Nat Neurosci,2013,16(11):1537-1543.
[2]Martínez de Morentin PB,Martinez-Sanchez N,Roa J,et al.Hypothalamic mTOR:the rookie energy sensor[J].Curr Mol Med,2014,14(1):3-21.
, 百拇医药
[3]Laplante M,Sabatini DM.Regulation of mTORC1 and its impact on gene expression at a glance[J].J Cell Sci,2013,126(Pt 8):1713-1719.
[4]Laplante M,Sabatini DM.mTOR signaling in growth control and disease[J].Cell,149(2):274-293.
[5]Dennis PB,Jaeschke A,Saitoh M,et al.Mammalian TOR:a homeostatic ATP sensor[J].Science,2001,294(5544):1102-1105.
[6]Sengupta S,Peterson TR,Sabatini DM.Regulation of the mTOR complex 1 pathway by nutrients,growth factors,and stress[J].Mol Cell,2010,40(2):310-322.
, http://www.100md.com
[7]Dagon Y,Hur E,Zheng B.p70S6 kinase phosphorylates AMPK on serine 491 to mediate leptin's effect on food intake[J].Cell Metab,2012,16(1):104-112.
[8]Bauchart-Thevret C,Cui L,Wu G,et al.Arginine-induced stimulation of protein synthesis and survival in IPEC-J2 cells is mediated by mTOR but not nitric oxide[J].Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab,2010,299(6):E899-E909.
[9]Jenna L,Jewell,Kun-Liang Guan.Nutrient signaling to mTOR and cell growth[J].Trends Biochem Sci,2013,38(5):233-242.
, 百拇医药
[10]Yoon MS,Du G,Backer JM,et al.Class III PI-3-kinase activates phospholipase D in an amino acid-sensing mTORC1 pathway[J].J Cell Biol,2011,195(3):435-447.
[11]Düvel K,Yecies JL,Menon S,et al.2010.Activation of ametabolic gene regulatory network downstream of mTOR complex1[J].Mol Cell,2010,39(2):171-183.
[12]Hagiwara A,Cornu M,Cybulski N,et al.Hepatic mTORC2 activates glycolysis and lipogenesis through Akt,glucokinase,and SREBP1c[J].Cell Metab,2012,15(5):725-738., http://www.100md.com(李继维 张莹)
mTORC1信号通路是细胞内重要的调控蛋白质代谢通路之一,氨基酸氨基酸不仅是合成蛋白质的底物,同时也作为一种信号分子参与调控mTORC1信号通路,溶酶体是氨基酸激活mTORC1信号通路的一个关键细胞器,溶酶体表面的v-ATPase、Ragulator、Rag GTPase等复合体为mTORC1在溶酶体上的定位提供停泊位点,Ragulator-Rag所介导mTORC1在溶酶体表面的定位是氨基酸激活mTORC1信号通路的关键步骤[18-19]。氨基酸必须首先在溶酶体腔内蓄积才能起始感应信号,且是一种依赖于溶酶体氨基酸转运感受体SLC38A9的作用方式,上述研究结果有利于深入理解氨基酸调节mTORC1信号通路的作用机制。随和研究的深入,参与氨基酸调节mTORC1上游信号通路的调节蛋白质陆续被发现,Sesterins、GATOR2、GATOR1均被发现参与调节此信号通路,但GATOR复合体对MTORC1的调节并不依赖Ragulator[20]。
, http://www.100md.com
7 总结与展望
mTORC1信号通路是参与多种细胞功能的调节重的要调节通路,在能量平衡的外周代谢和中枢神经系统调节中起关键作用。 mTORC1和mTORC2对代谢平衡的调节的关系还需要进一步的研究。一些不同的观点任然存在,临床上,mTORC1是肥胖、糖尿病、癌症和神经退行性疾病治疗的潜在目标。然而,只有各mTORC1复合物确切的分子机制和新化合物专门针对这些新发现的机制后将更进一步扩大在临床上的应用。
参考文献:
[1]Costa-Mattioli M,Monteggia LM.mTOR complexes in neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders[J].Nat Neurosci,2013,16(11):1537-1543.
[2]Martínez de Morentin PB,Martinez-Sanchez N,Roa J,et al.Hypothalamic mTOR:the rookie energy sensor[J].Curr Mol Med,2014,14(1):3-21.
, 百拇医药
[3]Laplante M,Sabatini DM.Regulation of mTORC1 and its impact on gene expression at a glance[J].J Cell Sci,2013,126(Pt 8):1713-1719.
[4]Laplante M,Sabatini DM.mTOR signaling in growth control and disease[J].Cell,149(2):274-293.
[5]Dennis PB,Jaeschke A,Saitoh M,et al.Mammalian TOR:a homeostatic ATP sensor[J].Science,2001,294(5544):1102-1105.
[6]Sengupta S,Peterson TR,Sabatini DM.Regulation of the mTOR complex 1 pathway by nutrients,growth factors,and stress[J].Mol Cell,2010,40(2):310-322.
, http://www.100md.com
[7]Dagon Y,Hur E,Zheng B.p70S6 kinase phosphorylates AMPK on serine 491 to mediate leptin's effect on food intake[J].Cell Metab,2012,16(1):104-112.
[8]Bauchart-Thevret C,Cui L,Wu G,et al.Arginine-induced stimulation of protein synthesis and survival in IPEC-J2 cells is mediated by mTOR but not nitric oxide[J].Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab,2010,299(6):E899-E909.
[9]Jenna L,Jewell,Kun-Liang Guan.Nutrient signaling to mTOR and cell growth[J].Trends Biochem Sci,2013,38(5):233-242.
, 百拇医药
[10]Yoon MS,Du G,Backer JM,et al.Class III PI-3-kinase activates phospholipase D in an amino acid-sensing mTORC1 pathway[J].J Cell Biol,2011,195(3):435-447.
[11]Düvel K,Yecies JL,Menon S,et al.2010.Activation of ametabolic gene regulatory network downstream of mTOR complex1[J].Mol Cell,2010,39(2):171-183.
[12]Hagiwara A,Cornu M,Cybulski N,et al.Hepatic mTORC2 activates glycolysis and lipogenesis through Akt,glucokinase,and SREBP1c[J].Cell Metab,2012,15(5):725-738., http://www.100md.com(李继维 张莹)