1例PCI术后盐酸替罗非班诱导的极重度血小板减少的护理(1)
摘 要:目的 探讨冠状动脉介入术后患者盐酸替罗非班诱发的极重度血小板减少症的临床特点及护理情况,为替罗非班诱导的血小板减少症患者护理提供临床参考。方法 2017年11月我院收治1例急性冠状动脉综合征患者,PCI术后应用盐酸替罗非班致极重度GIT的临床资料及护理情况进行报告。结果 患者PCI术前血小板计数正常,术后应用盐酸替罗非班6 h后出现全身多处瘀斑,血小板计数严重下降至0×109/L,立即停用替罗非班、阿司匹林、氯吡咯雷,并输注血小板、冷冻血浆及使用糖皮质激素治疗,做好防出血护理、用药护理、生活护理、心理干预,血小板计数逐渐升高,约84 h恢复正常。结论 PCI患者应用盐酸替罗非班有诱导的GIT发生风险,积极监测患者血小板变化,加强防出血护理及心理干预,能促进病情恢复。
关键词:盐酸替罗非班;血小板糖蛋白GPⅡb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂;血小板减少症
中图分类号:R473.5 文献标识码:A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2018.14.058
, http://www.100md.com
文章编号:1006-1959(2018)14-0183-03
Abstract:Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and nursing of tirofiban hydrochloride induced thrombocytopenia in patients after coronary intervention,and to provide clinical reference for the nursing of tirofiban hydrochloride induced thrombocytopenia.Methods 1 patient with acute coronary syndrome were treated in our hospital in November 2017.The clinical data and nursing care of patients with severe GIT after tirofiban hydrochloride after PCI were reported.Results The platelet count was normal before PCI.After 6 h of administration of tirofiban hydrochloride,there were many ecchymosis in the whole body.The platelet count decreased to 0×109/L.Immediately discontinue tirofiban,aspirin,clopidogrel,and infusion of platelets,frozen plasma and treatment with glucocorticoids,anti-bleeding care,medication care,life care,psychological intervention,platelet count gradually increased,about 84 h returned to normal.Conclusion PCI patients with tirofiban hydrochloride induced risk of GIT,actively monitor patients with platelet changes,strengthen anti-bleeding care and psychological intervention,can promote the recovery of the disease.
, 百拇医药
Key words:Tirofiban hydrochloride;Platelet glycoprotein GPⅡb/Ⅲa receptor antagonist;Thrombocytopenia
1 临床资料
患者李某,男,62岁,“胸痛2年,再发1周”于2017年11月5日入院。既往有高血压病史,平时血压控制可;有长期大量吸烟史,戒烟1年。患者两年前开始出现劳力性心绞痛,于一年前曾因急性胸痛诊断急性下壁、后壁心肌梗死,行急诊PCI术,右冠植入3枚支架,术后规律服用拜阿司匹林片、波立维、立普妥、倍他乐克缓释片、缬沙坦胶囊等药物治疗,平时偶有胸部不适,近一周多次出现胸痛发作就诊。入院查体未见明显异常,查血常规正常,其中血小板262×109/L,查肌钙蛋白、心肌酶、肝功能、肾功能、糖化血红蛋白正常,心脏彩超提示:左心扩大(左房36 mm,左室53 mm),室间隔增厚(12 mm),左室后壁及下壁节段性运动异常,左室舒张功能减退,EF:58%;胸部CT未见明显异常。冠脉造影:右冠中段及远段原支架通畅,支架远端60%~70%狭窄;左主干无狭窄,前降支近段50%~60%节段狭窄,近段于第一对角支发生前后40%~50%狭窄;回旋支近端局限狭窄50%~60%,中远段节段狭窄80%~90%,于回旋支中远段植入一枚美敦力Endeavor支架(3.0×24 mm),支架贴壁良好,远端血流TIMI 2级,给予盐酸替罗非班[远大医药(中国)有限公司,国药准字H20041165;执行标准:YBH121320041165,规格:5 mg/100 ml]0.6 mg静脉内缓慢注射,术后继续予以盐酸替罗非班静脉泵入,泵速6 ml/h。术后30 min左右患者开始出现畏寒、肢体发抖、发热,T37.5 ℃,怀疑导管室脱衣受凉,给予异丙嗪对症处理,1 h后T 38.8 ℃,复查血常规、血培养,给予退热对症处理。血培养72 h无致病菌生长,血常规检查提示:血小板0×109/L,复查血常规0×109/L,排除检验误差,术后6 h观察到患者四肢及腰背大量瘀点瘀斑,再次复查血常规检查提示:血小板0×109/L,查凝血功能:D-Dimer 0.28 mg/L;外周血形态:中性杆状核细胞(杆状核)39%,中性分叶核细胞(分叶核)29%,成熟淋巴细胞(成熟淋巴)20%,单核细胞(单核细胞) 4%,RBC(RBC) 稍有大小不均,WBC(WBC)异性淋巴细胞2%,BPC罕见,嗜酸性粒细胞5%,嗜碱性粒细胞1%;查血栓弹力图示ma低下。考虑盐酸替罗非班诱导的血小板减少,立即停用替罗非班、拜阿司匹林片、波立维,并紧急申请输注血小板、冷冻血浆后每4 h检测一次血常规,并先后输注单采血小板4个治疗量、输注新鲜冷冻血浆400 ml,并给予地塞米松磷酸钠注射液等处理,至术后28 h血小板开始轻微升高,术后84 h复查血常规血小板恢复至139×109/L。期间患者严格卧床休息,观察皮肤瘀斑无明显增多,未见牙龈出血,无血尿及黑便,查大便常规隐血阳性,尿分析:隐血2+,尿红细胞1009.2 /ul。血小板恢复至91×109/L 时(术后64 h)恢复拜阿司匹林、波立维抗血小板凝聚治疗,继续观察3 d,瘀點瘀斑减少后出院。出院后继续随访2周,患者瘀点瘀斑消失,服用拜阿司匹林、波立维未见皮肤黏膜、牙龈等出血情况,心绞痛症状未再发。, http://www.100md.com(胡雪瑞 戢艳琼)
关键词:盐酸替罗非班;血小板糖蛋白GPⅡb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂;血小板减少症
中图分类号:R473.5 文献标识码:A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2018.14.058
, http://www.100md.com
文章编号:1006-1959(2018)14-0183-03
Abstract:Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and nursing of tirofiban hydrochloride induced thrombocytopenia in patients after coronary intervention,and to provide clinical reference for the nursing of tirofiban hydrochloride induced thrombocytopenia.Methods 1 patient with acute coronary syndrome were treated in our hospital in November 2017.The clinical data and nursing care of patients with severe GIT after tirofiban hydrochloride after PCI were reported.Results The platelet count was normal before PCI.After 6 h of administration of tirofiban hydrochloride,there were many ecchymosis in the whole body.The platelet count decreased to 0×109/L.Immediately discontinue tirofiban,aspirin,clopidogrel,and infusion of platelets,frozen plasma and treatment with glucocorticoids,anti-bleeding care,medication care,life care,psychological intervention,platelet count gradually increased,about 84 h returned to normal.Conclusion PCI patients with tirofiban hydrochloride induced risk of GIT,actively monitor patients with platelet changes,strengthen anti-bleeding care and psychological intervention,can promote the recovery of the disease.
, 百拇医药
Key words:Tirofiban hydrochloride;Platelet glycoprotein GPⅡb/Ⅲa receptor antagonist;Thrombocytopenia
1 临床资料
患者李某,男,62岁,“胸痛2年,再发1周”于2017年11月5日入院。既往有高血压病史,平时血压控制可;有长期大量吸烟史,戒烟1年。患者两年前开始出现劳力性心绞痛,于一年前曾因急性胸痛诊断急性下壁、后壁心肌梗死,行急诊PCI术,右冠植入3枚支架,术后规律服用拜阿司匹林片、波立维、立普妥、倍他乐克缓释片、缬沙坦胶囊等药物治疗,平时偶有胸部不适,近一周多次出现胸痛发作就诊。入院查体未见明显异常,查血常规正常,其中血小板262×109/L,查肌钙蛋白、心肌酶、肝功能、肾功能、糖化血红蛋白正常,心脏彩超提示:左心扩大(左房36 mm,左室53 mm),室间隔增厚(12 mm),左室后壁及下壁节段性运动异常,左室舒张功能减退,EF:58%;胸部CT未见明显异常。冠脉造影:右冠中段及远段原支架通畅,支架远端60%~70%狭窄;左主干无狭窄,前降支近段50%~60%节段狭窄,近段于第一对角支发生前后40%~50%狭窄;回旋支近端局限狭窄50%~60%,中远段节段狭窄80%~90%,于回旋支中远段植入一枚美敦力Endeavor支架(3.0×24 mm),支架贴壁良好,远端血流TIMI 2级,给予盐酸替罗非班[远大医药(中国)有限公司,国药准字H20041165;执行标准:YBH121320041165,规格:5 mg/100 ml]0.6 mg静脉内缓慢注射,术后继续予以盐酸替罗非班静脉泵入,泵速6 ml/h。术后30 min左右患者开始出现畏寒、肢体发抖、发热,T37.5 ℃,怀疑导管室脱衣受凉,给予异丙嗪对症处理,1 h后T 38.8 ℃,复查血常规、血培养,给予退热对症处理。血培养72 h无致病菌生长,血常规检查提示:血小板0×109/L,复查血常规0×109/L,排除检验误差,术后6 h观察到患者四肢及腰背大量瘀点瘀斑,再次复查血常规检查提示:血小板0×109/L,查凝血功能:D-Dimer 0.28 mg/L;外周血形态:中性杆状核细胞(杆状核)39%,中性分叶核细胞(分叶核)29%,成熟淋巴细胞(成熟淋巴)20%,单核细胞(单核细胞) 4%,RBC(RBC) 稍有大小不均,WBC(WBC)异性淋巴细胞2%,BPC罕见,嗜酸性粒细胞5%,嗜碱性粒细胞1%;查血栓弹力图示ma低下。考虑盐酸替罗非班诱导的血小板减少,立即停用替罗非班、拜阿司匹林片、波立维,并紧急申请输注血小板、冷冻血浆后每4 h检测一次血常规,并先后输注单采血小板4个治疗量、输注新鲜冷冻血浆400 ml,并给予地塞米松磷酸钠注射液等处理,至术后28 h血小板开始轻微升高,术后84 h复查血常规血小板恢复至139×109/L。期间患者严格卧床休息,观察皮肤瘀斑无明显增多,未见牙龈出血,无血尿及黑便,查大便常规隐血阳性,尿分析:隐血2+,尿红细胞1009.2 /ul。血小板恢复至91×109/L 时(术后64 h)恢复拜阿司匹林、波立维抗血小板凝聚治疗,继续观察3 d,瘀點瘀斑减少后出院。出院后继续随访2周,患者瘀点瘀斑消失,服用拜阿司匹林、波立维未见皮肤黏膜、牙龈等出血情况,心绞痛症状未再发。, http://www.100md.com(胡雪瑞 戢艳琼)