急性冠脉综合征关联生化标记物的研究进展(1)
摘 要:急性冠状动脉综合征是冠心病的一种严重类型,是以冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块破裂或侵袭,继发不同程度闭塞性血栓形成为病理基础的一组临床综合征,易损斑块、冠脉腔内血栓形成在ACS病程进展扮演重要角色。临床更迫切需要能在心肌损伤之前快速反映严重心肌缺血的标记物。本文旨在综述P选择素和超敏CRP等ACS关联生化标记物的研究进展,此类标记物因为与冠脉VP破裂和腔内血栓密切相关,引起血运的终止,导致恶性不良事件,所以能有助于方便快捷判斷ACS预后和危险分层。随着检测技术改良,生化标记物更易于检测,我们应该联合检测多种指标,运用多种危险分层方法科学综合判断ACS危险性,才能正确指导ACS个体化诊治。
关键词:急性冠状动脉综合征;标记物;危险分层
中图分类号:R541.4 文献标识码:A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2018.20.008
文章编号:1006-1959(2018)20-0023-04
, 百拇医药
Abstract:Acute coronary syndrome is a serious type of coronary heart disease. It is a group of clinical syndrome,which is characterized by rupture or invasion of coronary atherosclerotic plaque and secondary occlusion thrombosis.Intracoronary thrombosis plays an important role in the progression of ACS.There is an urgent need for markers that can quickly reflect severe myocardial ischemia before myocardial injury.The purpose of this article is to review the research progress of P-selectin and hypersensitive CRP related biochemical markers of ACS.These markers are closely related to the rupture of coronary VP and intraluminal thrombus,which lead to the termination of blood circulation and lead to malignant adverse events.So it can help to judge the prognosis and risk stratification of ACS conveniently and quickly.With the improvement of detection technology and the easier detection of biochemical markers,we should jointly detect a variety of indicators and use a variety of risk stratification methods to scientifically and synthetically judge the risk of ACS in order to correctly guide the individualized diagnosis and treatment of ACS.
, 百拇医药
Key words:Acute coronary syndrome;Markers;Risk stratification
目前,冠心病(coronary heart disease,CHD)是威胁人类健康的常见疾病及致死的主要原因之一。急性冠状动脉综合征(acute coronary syndrome,ACS)是冠心病的一种严重类型,是以冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块破裂或侵袭,继发不同程度闭塞性血栓形成为病理基础的一组临床综合征,包括从不稳定型心绞痛(unstable angina pectoris,UA)、非ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死(non ST segment elevation acute myocardial infarction,NSTEMI)和ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死(ST segment elevation acute myocardial infarction,STEMI)等一系列病理生理状态,其基础是冠脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定,发生破裂引起血栓形成,不同程度堵塞病变血管,从而导致不同程度的心肌缺血损伤。易损斑块(vulnerable plaque,VP)是ACS的罪犯因子,比冠脉狭窄程度及病变范围更能反映ACS发生急性冠脉事件的可能性,因此,寻找能反映VP特点的特异性心血管生化标记物,可早期识别VP并预防其进展对降低ACS的发生率、致残率和病死率具有极重要的意义。VP和冠脉腔内血栓形成在ACS病程进展扮演重要角色。当冠脉供血不够心肌代谢的所需,就引起心肌急剧而暂时的缺血缺氧时,即可发生心绞痛。当冠脉粥样硬化造成一支或多支血管管腔狭窄和心肌血供不足,血供急剧减少或中断引起心肌急性严重而持久缺血,即发生急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)[1-4]。
, 百拇医药
ACS患者症状主要是胸痛,还有胸闷、心前区压榨感、心慌、后背部疼痛、晕厥等,严重还导致恶性心律失常、心力衰竭、甚至猝死。如果能正确预测危险分层及时采取正确恰当的治疗方式,则可提高诊疗效率,节约医疗费用,减轻并发症,改善预后,降低病死率。当上述症状的ACS患者就诊时,是否能够快速准确地判断出严重心肌缺血很关键,特别是那些胸痛时心电图正常并无AMI证据的患者,原有临床检测指标如心电图、心肌损伤标记物和普通影像学技术都不是心肌缺血早期诊断的“金标准”。其中心电图的灵敏度一般低于50%;肌酸激酶CK、肌酸激酶同工酶CK-MB的特异性较差,在横纹肌也存在;肌钙蛋白cTnT、cTnI的特异性最高,在不可逆的严重心肌细胞损害后6~12 h后才能被检到升高;作为诊断“金标准”的冠状动脉造影术,不但费用高而且在广大基层医院尚未普及,因此,临床更迫切需要能在心肌损伤前快速反映严重心肌缺血的标记物[3-5]。, 百拇医药(肖智谦)
关键词:急性冠状动脉综合征;标记物;危险分层
中图分类号:R541.4 文献标识码:A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2018.20.008
文章编号:1006-1959(2018)20-0023-04
, 百拇医药
Abstract:Acute coronary syndrome is a serious type of coronary heart disease. It is a group of clinical syndrome,which is characterized by rupture or invasion of coronary atherosclerotic plaque and secondary occlusion thrombosis.Intracoronary thrombosis plays an important role in the progression of ACS.There is an urgent need for markers that can quickly reflect severe myocardial ischemia before myocardial injury.The purpose of this article is to review the research progress of P-selectin and hypersensitive CRP related biochemical markers of ACS.These markers are closely related to the rupture of coronary VP and intraluminal thrombus,which lead to the termination of blood circulation and lead to malignant adverse events.So it can help to judge the prognosis and risk stratification of ACS conveniently and quickly.With the improvement of detection technology and the easier detection of biochemical markers,we should jointly detect a variety of indicators and use a variety of risk stratification methods to scientifically and synthetically judge the risk of ACS in order to correctly guide the individualized diagnosis and treatment of ACS.
, 百拇医药
Key words:Acute coronary syndrome;Markers;Risk stratification
目前,冠心病(coronary heart disease,CHD)是威胁人类健康的常见疾病及致死的主要原因之一。急性冠状动脉综合征(acute coronary syndrome,ACS)是冠心病的一种严重类型,是以冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块破裂或侵袭,继发不同程度闭塞性血栓形成为病理基础的一组临床综合征,包括从不稳定型心绞痛(unstable angina pectoris,UA)、非ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死(non ST segment elevation acute myocardial infarction,NSTEMI)和ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死(ST segment elevation acute myocardial infarction,STEMI)等一系列病理生理状态,其基础是冠脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定,发生破裂引起血栓形成,不同程度堵塞病变血管,从而导致不同程度的心肌缺血损伤。易损斑块(vulnerable plaque,VP)是ACS的罪犯因子,比冠脉狭窄程度及病变范围更能反映ACS发生急性冠脉事件的可能性,因此,寻找能反映VP特点的特异性心血管生化标记物,可早期识别VP并预防其进展对降低ACS的发生率、致残率和病死率具有极重要的意义。VP和冠脉腔内血栓形成在ACS病程进展扮演重要角色。当冠脉供血不够心肌代谢的所需,就引起心肌急剧而暂时的缺血缺氧时,即可发生心绞痛。当冠脉粥样硬化造成一支或多支血管管腔狭窄和心肌血供不足,血供急剧减少或中断引起心肌急性严重而持久缺血,即发生急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)[1-4]。
, 百拇医药
ACS患者症状主要是胸痛,还有胸闷、心前区压榨感、心慌、后背部疼痛、晕厥等,严重还导致恶性心律失常、心力衰竭、甚至猝死。如果能正确预测危险分层及时采取正确恰当的治疗方式,则可提高诊疗效率,节约医疗费用,减轻并发症,改善预后,降低病死率。当上述症状的ACS患者就诊时,是否能够快速准确地判断出严重心肌缺血很关键,特别是那些胸痛时心电图正常并无AMI证据的患者,原有临床检测指标如心电图、心肌损伤标记物和普通影像学技术都不是心肌缺血早期诊断的“金标准”。其中心电图的灵敏度一般低于50%;肌酸激酶CK、肌酸激酶同工酶CK-MB的特异性较差,在横纹肌也存在;肌钙蛋白cTnT、cTnI的特异性最高,在不可逆的严重心肌细胞损害后6~12 h后才能被检到升高;作为诊断“金标准”的冠状动脉造影术,不但费用高而且在广大基层医院尚未普及,因此,临床更迫切需要能在心肌损伤前快速反映严重心肌缺血的标记物[3-5]。, 百拇医药(肖智谦)