从检验学角度探讨人体皮肤菌群(1)
摘要：皮肤是一个复杂的微生态系统，正常情况下，细菌群落的种类和数量存在动态平衡，菌群之间的相互抑制及促进作用维持着皮肤的正常状态。受内外界因素的影响，皮肤屏障功能受到破坏，表现为炎症、感染等皮肤问题时，会导致皮肤正常菌群的失调、多样性改变和致病菌的生长繁殖。本文介绍几种获得皮肤菌群的检测手段，探讨皮肤菌群之间的作用机制及影响菌群分布的影响因素，对常见皮肤问题(湿疹、痤疮)中皮肤菌群的变化进行综述。从多个方面了解皮肤菌群以及微生物在健康人及皮肤疾病中的重要组成及地位，利用皮肤常驻菌与致病菌之间的相互关系及作用机理抑制致病菌的生长，从而为微生态治疗提供依据及用药指导。
关键词：皮肤细菌;检测方法;菌群平衡;微生态治疗
中图分类号：R378 文献标识码：A DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2019.01.018
, http://www.100md.com
文章編号：1006-1959(2019)01-0053-03
Exploring Human Skin Flora from the Perspective of Testing
LI Min1，SONG Jia-chun2，WANG Hu-ming1
(1.Department of Clinical Laboratory，Baotou Cancer Hospital，Baotou 014030，Inner Mongolia，China;
2.Department of Clinical Laboratory，the Fourth Hospital of Baotou，Baotou 014030，Inner Mongolia，China)
, 百拇医药 Abstract：The skin is a complex micro-ecological system. Under normal circumstances， there is a dynamic balance between the types and numbers of bacterial communities， and the mutual inhibition and promotion between the bacteria maintains the normal state of the skin. Under the influence of internal and external factors， the skin barrier function is destroyed， which is manifested as skin problems such as inflammation and infection， which may lead to the imbalance of the normal flora of the skin， the change of diversity and the growth and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria. This paper introduces several methods for obtaining skin flora， discusses the mechanism of action between skin flora and the influencing factors affecting the distribution of bacteria， and reviews the changes of skin flora in common skin problems (eczema， acne). Understand the important composition and status of skin flora and microorganisms in healthy people and skin diseases from various aspects， and use the mutual relationship between skin resident bacteria and pathogenic bacteria to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria， thus Ecological treatment provides the basis and medication guidance.
, http://www.100md.com
Key words：Skin bacteria;Detection method;Flora balance;Microecological treatment
皮肤是人体最大的器官，作为主要的屏障系统，起着非常重要的隔离、保护作用。皮肤表面及与外界相通的腔道中存在数量庞大的细菌，皮肤一方面通过物理屏障作用阻止微生物的入侵，另一方面发挥着固有免疫和适应性免疫的免疫屏障作用[1]，是人体重要的一道保护防线。在长期的相互适应环境中，细菌对人体造成的“威胁”铸就了其复杂的免疫力。可见，正常菌群是人体健康所必须的[2]。人类皮肤表面不同细菌之间存在抑制与促进的关系，这种抑制与促进的关系表现为细菌数量与种类存在一定程度的动态平衡[3]。当平衡遭到破坏，将导致皮肤屏障功能的破坏，产生皮肤问题，因此皮肤微生态菌群的研究已经成为皮肤疾病诊断、治疗中的热点问题。2007年，人类微生物组计划在美国国立卫生院(NIH)的带领下正式启动，通过高通量测序技术对人体皮肤、鼻腔、口腔、肠道和阴道5个不同部位的微生物群落进行分析，目的是应用这一技术全面了解人体微生物群落的特点[4]。随着分子生物学技术的飞速发展，特别是高通量DNA测序技术的进步，人们对人体微生物菌群的研究更加深入、全面。目前，皮肤检测手段发展到这一阶段经历了快速的技术变革，现将较常用的检测手段以及所获得的皮肤菌群知识综述如下。, 百拇医药(丽敏 宋佳春 王虎明)
关键词：皮肤细菌;检测方法;菌群平衡;微生态治疗
中图分类号：R378 文献标识码：A DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2019.01.018
, http://www.100md.com
文章編号：1006-1959(2019)01-0053-03
Exploring Human Skin Flora from the Perspective of Testing
LI Min1，SONG Jia-chun2，WANG Hu-ming1
(1.Department of Clinical Laboratory，Baotou Cancer Hospital，Baotou 014030，Inner Mongolia，China;
2.Department of Clinical Laboratory，the Fourth Hospital of Baotou，Baotou 014030，Inner Mongolia，China)
, 百拇医药 Abstract：The skin is a complex micro-ecological system. Under normal circumstances， there is a dynamic balance between the types and numbers of bacterial communities， and the mutual inhibition and promotion between the bacteria maintains the normal state of the skin. Under the influence of internal and external factors， the skin barrier function is destroyed， which is manifested as skin problems such as inflammation and infection， which may lead to the imbalance of the normal flora of the skin， the change of diversity and the growth and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria. This paper introduces several methods for obtaining skin flora， discusses the mechanism of action between skin flora and the influencing factors affecting the distribution of bacteria， and reviews the changes of skin flora in common skin problems (eczema， acne). Understand the important composition and status of skin flora and microorganisms in healthy people and skin diseases from various aspects， and use the mutual relationship between skin resident bacteria and pathogenic bacteria to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria， thus Ecological treatment provides the basis and medication guidance.
, http://www.100md.com
Key words：Skin bacteria;Detection method;Flora balance;Microecological treatment
皮肤是人体最大的器官，作为主要的屏障系统，起着非常重要的隔离、保护作用。皮肤表面及与外界相通的腔道中存在数量庞大的细菌，皮肤一方面通过物理屏障作用阻止微生物的入侵，另一方面发挥着固有免疫和适应性免疫的免疫屏障作用[1]，是人体重要的一道保护防线。在长期的相互适应环境中，细菌对人体造成的“威胁”铸就了其复杂的免疫力。可见，正常菌群是人体健康所必须的[2]。人类皮肤表面不同细菌之间存在抑制与促进的关系，这种抑制与促进的关系表现为细菌数量与种类存在一定程度的动态平衡[3]。当平衡遭到破坏，将导致皮肤屏障功能的破坏，产生皮肤问题，因此皮肤微生态菌群的研究已经成为皮肤疾病诊断、治疗中的热点问题。2007年，人类微生物组计划在美国国立卫生院(NIH)的带领下正式启动，通过高通量测序技术对人体皮肤、鼻腔、口腔、肠道和阴道5个不同部位的微生物群落进行分析，目的是应用这一技术全面了解人体微生物群落的特点[4]。随着分子生物学技术的飞速发展，特别是高通量DNA测序技术的进步，人们对人体微生物菌群的研究更加深入、全面。目前，皮肤检测手段发展到这一阶段经历了快速的技术变革，现将较常用的检测手段以及所获得的皮肤菌群知识综述如下。, 百拇医药(丽敏 宋佳春 王虎明)