南京市建邺区职业人群健走对BMI等体质指标的影响(1)

http://www.100md.com 2019年3月19日 《医学信息》 2019年第11期

     摘要：目的 评估建邺区健走激励大赛对职业人群的BMI等体质指标的影响，探索职业人群的慢病高危干预手段。方法 选取2018年建邺区健走激励大赛中有100天完整健走记录、前后生化和体测结果的483名调查对象，结合万步率、朝三暮四完成率、三个处方完成率对其干预活动开始之前和结束后的体重、BMI、腰围、腰臀比、脂肪含量、骨质含量、肌肉含量、去脂体重、体脂率、基础代谢率、内脏脂肪指数等指标并进行比较。结果 健走后体重、BMI、腰围、腰臀比、脂肪含量、去脂体重、体脂率、内脏脂肪指数较健走前降低(BMI下降均值2.38 kg/m2、腰围下降均值3.8 cm)，骨质含量、肌肉含量、基础代谢率较健走前升高[基础代谢率上升均值66.89 kJ/(m2·h)]，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中男性体成分优化效应明显(骨质含量上升均值0.19%、肌肉含量上升均值3.28%)，女性减脂效应明显，指标改善和体成分优化情况随年龄增长减缓。各类健康指标随着万步、朝三暮四、运动处方完成率增高，改善越明显，尤其是万步率100%同时完成朝三暮四和三个处方的人群，减重降脂、体成分优化、代谢率提高高于其他各组(P<0.05)。結论 坚持健走尤其是结合了朝三暮四、抗阻运动、运动处方后的健走是降低体重、控制BMI、控制腹型肥胖、降低脂肪尤其是内脏脂肪改善体成分合理结构的有效方法，结合抗阻运动的健走提高了男性的体成分优化效果，年轻组效应明显，建议考虑提高女性抗阻运动参与度和刚入职人群健走参与度，更进一步提高健康改善效果。

    关键词：健走;职业人群;体质指标

    中图分类号：R161 文献标识码：A DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2019.11.024

    文章编号：1006-1959(2019)11-0090-05

    Abstract：Objective To evaluate the impact of the Jianye District Walking Aspiration Incentive Competition on the BMI and other physical indicators of the occupational population， and to explore the high-risk intervention methods for chronic diseases in the occupational population. Methods A total of 483 respondents with 100 day complete walking record， pre- and post-biochemical and physical measurement results in the 2018 Jianye District Inviolation Entrepreneurship Competition were selected， combined with the Wanbu rate， the completion rate of the 3rd and 4th， and the completion rate of the three prescriptions before the intervention. And after the end of the weight， BMI， waist circumference， waist-to-hip ratio， fat content， bone content， muscle content， fat-free weight， body fat rate， basal metabolic rate， visceral fat index and other indicators were compared. Results After walking， body weight， BMI， waist circumference， waist-to-hip ratio， fat content， fat-free body weight， body fat percentage， and visceral fat index were lower than those before walking (BMI decreased by 2.38 kg/m2， waist circumference decreased by 3.8 cm). The quality， muscle content and basal metabolic rate were higher than those before the healthy walk [average basal metabolic rate increased by 66.89 kJ/(m2·h)]，the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Among them， the male body composition optimization effect was obvious (the average value of bone content increased by 0.19% and the muscle content increased by 3.28%). The fat loss effect of women was obvious， and the improvement of indicators and body composition optimization slowed down with age. With the increase of all kinds of health indicators， the improvement rate of exercise prescriptions is more obvious， especially the 100% step rate， and the completion of the three-four-three and three prescriptions， weight loss and lipid reduction， body composition optimization， and metabolic rate increase， higher than the other groups (P<0.05).Conclusions Adherence to walking， especially combined with anti-resistance exercise and exercise prescription， is an effective way to reduce body weight， control BMI， control abdominal obesity， reduce fat， especially visceral fat， and improve the reasonable structure of body composition. The exercise of exercise improves the body composition optimization effect of males， and the young group effect is obvious. It is recommended to consider increasing the participation of female resistance exercise and the participation of newly-entered people， and further improve the health improvement effect.(张霞 张金 吴瑞)

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