术后谵妄与疼痛关系的研究(1)
摘要:谵妄又被称为急性脑综合征,是多因素综合作用的结果,具有起病急、病情波动等特点,易导致患者跌倒、非计划拔管,延长住院时间,增加病死率等。随着人口老龄化及外科手术日益精进,选择手术的老年患者逐渐增加,但由于疼痛控制不良,老年患者术后疼痛发病率逐渐增高。研究指出,术后疼痛与谵妄的发生成正相关趋势,缓解术后疼痛可以降低术后谵妄的发生率。本文就术后疼痛和谵妄的相互关系及其管理作一综述,以期为术后疼痛管理、谵妄的预防提供参考依据。
关键词:谵妄;术后疼痛;老年患者
中图分类号:R619 文献标识码:A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2020.20.011
文章编号:1006-1959(2020)20-0037-05
Study on the Relationship Between Postoperative Delirium and Pain
CHEN Jing1,ZHENG Si-lin2
(Hepatobiliary Surgery1,Department of Nursing2,the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University,Luzhou 646000,Sichuan,China)
Abstract:Delirium, also known as acute brain syndrome, is the result of multiple factors. It has the characteristics of rapid onset and fluctuating conditions, which can easily lead to patients' falls, unplanned extubation, prolong hospitalization, and increase mortality. With the aging of the population and the increasingly sophisticated surgical procedures, the number of elderly patients who choose surgery is gradually increasing. However, due to poor pain control, the incidence of postoperative pain in elderly patients is gradually increasing. Studies have pointed out that postoperative pain is positively correlated with the occurrence of delirium, and relieving postoperative pain can reduce the incidence of postoperative delirium. This article reviews the relationship between postoperative pain and delirium and its management, in order to provide a reference for postoperative pain management and prevention of delirium.
Key words:Delirium;Postoperative pain;Elderly patients
譫妄(deliration)是老年患者常见的中枢神经系统并发症之一,其中将年龄≥65岁的谵妄患者称为老年谵妄[1],老年患者在逐渐衰老导致的脑功能障碍基础上,术后再受内在和(或)外在因素的刺激,则可能出现术后谵妄[2,3]。据报道[4],老年患者术后谵妄的发生率为10%~50%。谵妄是多因素综合作用的结果,任何疾病或有害物质只要直接或间接影响到脑代谢均可引起谵妄,而且危险因素越多谵妄的可能性越大。术后疼痛(postoperative pain)简称术后痛,是指人体在手术后对与手术相关的伤害性刺激产生的一种不愉快感觉和情感体验[5]。大量研究表明术后疼痛是谵妄发生的危险因素,且疼痛程度、持续时间与谵妄发生均有密切联系。本文就术后谵妄和疼痛概述,术后疼痛和谵妄的相互关系及其管理作一综述,以期为术后疼痛管理、预防术后谵妄提供参考依据。
1术后谵妄概述
1.1术后谵妄的概念 术后谵妄(postoperative delirium,POD)指在经历外科手术后,患者出现意识、认知、思维、记忆、睡眠等方面的精神状态紊乱,主要临床表现包括急性发作、症状具有波动性、认知改变、意识障碍、注意力不集中等[1]。谵妄可分为活动亢进型、活动抑郁型及混合型3种类型。目前推荐诊断谵妄的金标准是国际疾病分类第十版精神与行为障碍分类(ICD-10)和美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第五版(DSM-5)[6]。但临床上为了快速识别谵妄,常使用具有高敏感性及特异性、适用于非精神心理专业的医生和护士使用的意识模糊评估量表(the confusion assessment method,CAM)。既往研究表明[3],谵妄主要发生在术后1~3 d。但2017年欧洲麻醉学会《基于循证和专家共识的术后谵妄指南》中将术后谵妄发生时间范围扩大至患者麻醉苏醒期至术后第5天,有利于减少术后谵妄的漏诊。研究表明[7],术后谵妄的发生与术后长期认知及非认知疾病发生相关,同时可造成患者坠床、自伤、非计划拔管等严重后果,延长住院时间、增加住院费用及影响患者生活质量等。, 百拇医药(陈静 郑思琳)
关键词:谵妄;术后疼痛;老年患者
中图分类号:R619 文献标识码:A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2020.20.011
文章编号:1006-1959(2020)20-0037-05
Study on the Relationship Between Postoperative Delirium and Pain
CHEN Jing1,ZHENG Si-lin2
(Hepatobiliary Surgery1,Department of Nursing2,the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University,Luzhou 646000,Sichuan,China)
Abstract:Delirium, also known as acute brain syndrome, is the result of multiple factors. It has the characteristics of rapid onset and fluctuating conditions, which can easily lead to patients' falls, unplanned extubation, prolong hospitalization, and increase mortality. With the aging of the population and the increasingly sophisticated surgical procedures, the number of elderly patients who choose surgery is gradually increasing. However, due to poor pain control, the incidence of postoperative pain in elderly patients is gradually increasing. Studies have pointed out that postoperative pain is positively correlated with the occurrence of delirium, and relieving postoperative pain can reduce the incidence of postoperative delirium. This article reviews the relationship between postoperative pain and delirium and its management, in order to provide a reference for postoperative pain management and prevention of delirium.
Key words:Delirium;Postoperative pain;Elderly patients
譫妄(deliration)是老年患者常见的中枢神经系统并发症之一,其中将年龄≥65岁的谵妄患者称为老年谵妄[1],老年患者在逐渐衰老导致的脑功能障碍基础上,术后再受内在和(或)外在因素的刺激,则可能出现术后谵妄[2,3]。据报道[4],老年患者术后谵妄的发生率为10%~50%。谵妄是多因素综合作用的结果,任何疾病或有害物质只要直接或间接影响到脑代谢均可引起谵妄,而且危险因素越多谵妄的可能性越大。术后疼痛(postoperative pain)简称术后痛,是指人体在手术后对与手术相关的伤害性刺激产生的一种不愉快感觉和情感体验[5]。大量研究表明术后疼痛是谵妄发生的危险因素,且疼痛程度、持续时间与谵妄发生均有密切联系。本文就术后谵妄和疼痛概述,术后疼痛和谵妄的相互关系及其管理作一综述,以期为术后疼痛管理、预防术后谵妄提供参考依据。
1术后谵妄概述
1.1术后谵妄的概念 术后谵妄(postoperative delirium,POD)指在经历外科手术后,患者出现意识、认知、思维、记忆、睡眠等方面的精神状态紊乱,主要临床表现包括急性发作、症状具有波动性、认知改变、意识障碍、注意力不集中等[1]。谵妄可分为活动亢进型、活动抑郁型及混合型3种类型。目前推荐诊断谵妄的金标准是国际疾病分类第十版精神与行为障碍分类(ICD-10)和美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第五版(DSM-5)[6]。但临床上为了快速识别谵妄,常使用具有高敏感性及特异性、适用于非精神心理专业的医生和护士使用的意识模糊评估量表(the confusion assessment method,CAM)。既往研究表明[3],谵妄主要发生在术后1~3 d。但2017年欧洲麻醉学会《基于循证和专家共识的术后谵妄指南》中将术后谵妄发生时间范围扩大至患者麻醉苏醒期至术后第5天,有利于减少术后谵妄的漏诊。研究表明[7],术后谵妄的发生与术后长期认知及非认知疾病发生相关,同时可造成患者坠床、自伤、非计划拔管等严重后果,延长住院时间、增加住院费用及影响患者生活质量等。, 百拇医药(陈静 郑思琳)