·慢病管理·

    上海市社区2型糖尿病患者饮食控制现状研究

    张海峰，朱静芬，冯易，梁辰，杨辉，施榕

    作者单位：200025 上海市，上海交通大学公共卫生学院

    通信作者：施榕，200025 上海市，上海交通大学公共卫生学院；E-mail：shirong61@163.com

    【摘要】目的了解上海市社区2型糖尿病患者的饮食控制现状。方法于2014年11—12月，采用随机抽样法，抽取上海市浦东新区花木社区卫生服务中心已经纳入管理的2型糖尿病患者273例。采用《社区糖尿病患者基础调查表》《食物频率问卷(FFQ)》对患者进行调查，同时测量患者的身高、体质量、腰围、臀围及血清糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平。采用营养计算器V2.6标准版，统计患者每日膳食营养素摄入情况。结果(1)273例患者的每日平均膳食能量摄入为(1 754.3±443.0) kcal/kg，平均(30.7±7.9) kcal/kg(标准体质量)。膳食纤维摄入量为(8.4±3.3) g、蛋白质摄入量为(58.8±20.0)g、脂肪摄入量为(59.1±20.0) g、碳水化合物摄入量为(241.2±73.6) g。(2)不同性别患者能量/标准体质量、蛋白质占比、脂肪占比及VitB1、烟酸、VitC、磷、钾、锌、硒摄入量比较，差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(3)不同WHR男性患者能量/标准体质量、蛋白质/标准体质量、蛋白质占比、脂肪占比、碳水化合物占比及膳食纤维、胆固醇、VitA、VitB1、VitB2、VitB6、叶酸、烟酸、VitC、VitD、VitE、钙、磷、钾、锌、铁、硒摄入量比较，差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同WHR女性患者能量/标准体质量、脂肪占比、碳水化合物占比及膳食纤维、VitA、VitB6、叶酸、VitC、VitD、VitE、钙摄入量比较，差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；而蛋白质/标准体质量、蛋白质占比及胆固醇、VitB1、VitB2、烟酸、磷、钾、铁、锌、硒摄入量比较，差异有统计学意义(P0.05)；而脂肪占比、碳水化合物占比比较，差异有统计学意义(P0.05 for all).(3)Male patients with different WHR were not significantly different in energy/ideal body weight,protein/ideal body weight,proportion of protein,proportion of fat,proportion of carbohydrate,dietary fiber,cholesterol,VitA,VitB1,VitB2,VitB6,folic acid,nicotinic acid,VitC,VitD,VitE,calcium,phosphorus,potassium,zinc,iron and selenium(P>0.05 for all).Female patients with different WHR were not significantly different in energy/ideal body weight,proportion of fat,proportion of carbohydrate,dietary fiber,VitA,VitB6,folic acid,VitC,VitD,VitE,calcium(P>0.05 for all),but were significantly different in protein/ideal body weight,proportion of protein,cholesterol,VitB1,VitB2,nicotinic acid,phosphorus,potassium,iron,zinc,and selenium(P0.05),but were significantly different in proportion of fat and proportion of carbohydrate.ConclusionDietary control of type 2 diabetes patients in Shanghai should be strengthened.Their energy intake exceeds recommended amount and their intake of dietary fiber is not enough.Patients in different conditions have difference in the dietary nutrients intake,and the pertinency of community intervention should be promoted. ......