一期缝合联合负压封闭引流治疗面部狗咬伤临床效果分析(1)
[摘要]目的:探讨一期缝合联合术后应用负压封闭引流治疗面部狗咬伤的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析2011年-2015年笔者所在科室收治的面部狗咬伤患者资料共37例,均给予一期缝合联合应用负压封闭引流技术,观察并分析其临床效果。结果:37例均行一期缝合的患者中,伤口一期愈合34例,恢复效果符合整形外科要求,无1例伤口感染,均未出现狂犬病。结论:狗咬伤伤口彻底清创后,应用整形外科原则一期缝合伤口,伤口内留置细引流管间断冲洗及外用负压封闭引流,可减少术后瘢痕增生及伤口感染的发生。
[关键词]狗咬伤;面部;一期缝合;负压封闭引流;瘢痕增生;整形外科
[中图分类号]R622 [文献标志码]A [文章编号]1008-6455(2015)18-0017-03
Analysis of the linical effects of primary suture combined with vacuum sealing drainage in the treatment of maxillofacial dog bite
CAI Dong-fang,LI Guang-shuai,LIU Lin-bo
(Department of Plastic Surgery,the First Affiliated Hospital,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450052,Henan,China)
Abstract: Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of primary suture combined with vacuum sealing drainage in the treatment of maxillofacial dog bite. Methods Clinical data about 37 patients of maxillofacial dog bite admitted to our hospital from 2011 to 2015 which were treated with primary suture combined with vacuum sealing drainage,were retrospectively analyzed. Results The wounds in 34 cases were primary healing,which conformed to the requirements of plastic surgery.None of them was found to have wound infection and no rabies was found. Conclusion After thorough debridement,the application of primary suture and vacuum sealing drainage with leaving a drainage tube for discontinuous rinsing to treat the dog bite wound could reduce the rate of postoperative scar hyperplasia and wound infection.
Key words:dog bite;face;primary suture;vacuum sealing drainage;scar hyperplasia;plastic surgery
对狗咬伤伤口,一般主张不缝合,伤口愈合时间长,局部瘢痕增生,增加感染几率。面部狗咬伤,由于其特殊性,减少损伤后畸形尤为重要。笔者所在科室于2011年-2015年采用一期缝合联合术后应用负压封闭引流治疗面部狗咬伤患者37例,伤口愈合良好,无感染及狂犬病发生,效果满意。
1 一般资料
本组37例,男25例,女12例,年龄l~55岁,就诊时间为3~48h。受伤部位:额部3例,眉部2例,鼻部5例,唇部7例,颊部23例,颏部3例,耳部3例;一个部位咬伤者25例,2个及2个以上部位咬伤者12例,伤口以挫裂伤、撕脱伤为主。
2 手术方法
2.1 伤口清创
麻醉后,先用肥皂水、生理盐水彻底冲洗伤口,然后用双氧水、生理盐水冲洗,可用注射器伸入伤口深部冲洗,清除伤口内的组织碎片、异物、狗的唾液等,碘伏消毒创面。清除坏死及污染的组织,原则上应尽可能地保留有活力的组织,使用刀片对正常组织创面刮削,使其充分渗血,排出可疑微生物。修剪创缘以减少术后瘢痕的形成。
2.2 缝合伤口
按照解剖层次应用细针、细线逐层缝合,要注意对位准确及缝合张力适中,不留死腔;对组织缺损,可潜行游离皮下形成推进皮瓣缝合或使用邻近皮瓣转移修复,必要时游离皮片植皮修复。对有蒂相连的撕脱组织不要轻易清除, 应视其血运情况予以对位缝合。缝合伤口既要考虑术后的整形美容,又要考虑能充分引流,避免过深、过紧, 以能使皮肤对位为准。根据伤口情况于创口内放置细引流管,通过创面两端引出,按照创面大小修剪负压封闭材料,将其完全贴敷创面,并接负压装置。
2.3 术后处理
术后应用庆大霉素生理盐水通过留置伤口内细引流管间断冲洗伤口3d,伤口持续负压引流,清除伤口内分泌物,5d拆除负压封闭材料,5~7d拆线。
2.4 药物治疗
应用抗生素防止伤口感染;及时注射破伤风抗毒素及狂犬病疫苗,伤口周围早期注射狂犬病免疫球蛋白。
3 结果
37例患者中一期愈合34例,3例局部回植皮瓣局部坏死,给予换药后二期瘢痕愈合,1例半年后行瘢痕修复术。无1例伤口感染,术后效果满意,经4年随访观察,未出现狂犬病。典型病例见图1~5。 (蔡东方 李广帅 刘林嶓)
[关键词]狗咬伤;面部;一期缝合;负压封闭引流;瘢痕增生;整形外科
[中图分类号]R622 [文献标志码]A [文章编号]1008-6455(2015)18-0017-03
Analysis of the linical effects of primary suture combined with vacuum sealing drainage in the treatment of maxillofacial dog bite
CAI Dong-fang,LI Guang-shuai,LIU Lin-bo
(Department of Plastic Surgery,the First Affiliated Hospital,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450052,Henan,China)
Abstract: Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of primary suture combined with vacuum sealing drainage in the treatment of maxillofacial dog bite. Methods Clinical data about 37 patients of maxillofacial dog bite admitted to our hospital from 2011 to 2015 which were treated with primary suture combined with vacuum sealing drainage,were retrospectively analyzed. Results The wounds in 34 cases were primary healing,which conformed to the requirements of plastic surgery.None of them was found to have wound infection and no rabies was found. Conclusion After thorough debridement,the application of primary suture and vacuum sealing drainage with leaving a drainage tube for discontinuous rinsing to treat the dog bite wound could reduce the rate of postoperative scar hyperplasia and wound infection.
Key words:dog bite;face;primary suture;vacuum sealing drainage;scar hyperplasia;plastic surgery
对狗咬伤伤口,一般主张不缝合,伤口愈合时间长,局部瘢痕增生,增加感染几率。面部狗咬伤,由于其特殊性,减少损伤后畸形尤为重要。笔者所在科室于2011年-2015年采用一期缝合联合术后应用负压封闭引流治疗面部狗咬伤患者37例,伤口愈合良好,无感染及狂犬病发生,效果满意。
1 一般资料
本组37例,男25例,女12例,年龄l~55岁,就诊时间为3~48h。受伤部位:额部3例,眉部2例,鼻部5例,唇部7例,颊部23例,颏部3例,耳部3例;一个部位咬伤者25例,2个及2个以上部位咬伤者12例,伤口以挫裂伤、撕脱伤为主。
2 手术方法
2.1 伤口清创
麻醉后,先用肥皂水、生理盐水彻底冲洗伤口,然后用双氧水、生理盐水冲洗,可用注射器伸入伤口深部冲洗,清除伤口内的组织碎片、异物、狗的唾液等,碘伏消毒创面。清除坏死及污染的组织,原则上应尽可能地保留有活力的组织,使用刀片对正常组织创面刮削,使其充分渗血,排出可疑微生物。修剪创缘以减少术后瘢痕的形成。
2.2 缝合伤口
按照解剖层次应用细针、细线逐层缝合,要注意对位准确及缝合张力适中,不留死腔;对组织缺损,可潜行游离皮下形成推进皮瓣缝合或使用邻近皮瓣转移修复,必要时游离皮片植皮修复。对有蒂相连的撕脱组织不要轻易清除, 应视其血运情况予以对位缝合。缝合伤口既要考虑术后的整形美容,又要考虑能充分引流,避免过深、过紧, 以能使皮肤对位为准。根据伤口情况于创口内放置细引流管,通过创面两端引出,按照创面大小修剪负压封闭材料,将其完全贴敷创面,并接负压装置。
2.3 术后处理
术后应用庆大霉素生理盐水通过留置伤口内细引流管间断冲洗伤口3d,伤口持续负压引流,清除伤口内分泌物,5d拆除负压封闭材料,5~7d拆线。
2.4 药物治疗
应用抗生素防止伤口感染;及时注射破伤风抗毒素及狂犬病疫苗,伤口周围早期注射狂犬病免疫球蛋白。
3 结果
37例患者中一期愈合34例,3例局部回植皮瓣局部坏死,给予换药后二期瘢痕愈合,1例半年后行瘢痕修复术。无1例伤口感染,术后效果满意,经4年随访观察,未出现狂犬病。典型病例见图1~5。 (蔡东方 李广帅 刘林嶓)