耳甲腔复合组织联合额部皮瓣在鼻再造中的应用(1)
[摘要]目的:探讨耳甲腔皮肤、软骨复合组织联合额部皮瓣行较严重的鼻缺损再造的手术方法及术后效果。方法:选取因外伤、鼻部肿瘤造成的半侧鼻或全鼻缺损患者,根据鼻尖、鼻翼、鼻小柱等缺损面积,设计额部皮瓣和耳甲腔皮肤、软骨复合组织,分期行复合组织瓣预制、转移、断蒂等,完成半侧鼻或全鼻再造,尽可能修补鼻的骨架支撑和外形。结果:本组20例患者采用上述方法行鼻再造,未发生移植物、皮瓣坏死,术区瘢痕轻微,鼻部外观及功能良好,耳部供区无畸形。结论:耳甲腔复合组织联合额部皮瓣行鼻再造可达到理想的外观和功能恢复。
[关键词]耳甲腔复合组织;耳甲腔软骨;额部皮瓣;鼻再造
[中图分类号]R622 [文献标志码]A [文章编号]1008-6455(2018)07-0010-03
Abstract: Objective To discuss the surgical method and postoperative effect of cavum conchae skin and cartilage composite tissue combined with forehead flap in repair of nasal defect. Methods Patients with part of or total nasal defect were included. Proper ear cavity composite tissue of skin and cartilage and forehead flap were precisely designed according to the defect area of nasal substructure including nasal tip, nasal wing and nasal columella. The reconstructive surgery was completed by stages of flap prefabrication, transfer, and pedicle division, as well as repairation of the skeleton support and appearance of the nose. Results 20 cases of nasal defect were repaired with this method. No graft necrosis occurred. The appearance and function of nose was good with slight scar, and there was no auricular donor site deformity. Conclusion Application of cavum conchae composite tissue combined with forehead skin flap in repairing nasal defect can achieve ideal appearance and function recovery.
, http://www.100md.com
Key words: cavum conchae composite tissue; auricle cartilage; forehead flap; nasal reconstruction
運用额部皮瓣行全鼻或半鼻再造已经成为整形外科医生的首选术式,而再造鼻软骨支架的重建、衬里的制备,对再造鼻远期形态、功能有重要意义,目前仍无明确的术式及最佳的方案。2013年1月-2016年6月笔者科室收治了半侧鼻或全鼻缺损病例20例,采用耳甲腔复合组织联合额部皮瓣术式行鼻再造,随访6个月~3年,效果良好,现报道如下。
1 资料和方法
1.1 临床资料:本组共20例患者,男11例,女9例,其中8例因外伤所致全鼻缺损,行全鼻再造;12例因鼻部恶性肿瘤手术切除致半侧鼻缺损行半侧鼻再造。手术指征:①鼻尖、鼻翼全层缺损范围大,无法行临近局部皮瓣或复合组织移植修复者;②鼻腔无感染;③肿瘤术后1年无复发,化疗后至少半年;④外伤后至少半年,瘢痕稳定,无明显瘢痕增生。
, 百拇医药
1.2 手术方法:手术分三期进行。
1.2.1 一期(额部皮瓣预制,耳甲腔复合组织切取移植):术前根据超声多普勒血流探测仪探测血管,确定额部滑车上动脉走行并标记,根据再造鼻大小设计额部皮瓣。全麻下手术,沿设计线切开皮瓣至额肌表面,于额肌表面从远端向近端部分掀起皮瓣至远端需植皮的范围,皮瓣近端基底不掀起。切取耳甲腔皮肤、软骨复合组织,修剪与皮瓣远端边缘曲线一致,耳软骨面贴于皮瓣筋膜面,缝合固定,皮瓣远端形成的额部创面中厚游离皮片移植修复,复合组织、皮片处包堆加压,皮瓣近端切口原位缝合,耳甲腔缺损处以耳后皮瓣修复。
1.2.2 二期(皮瓣转移鼻再造术):一般安排在一期术后1个月,复合组织存活。将预制皮瓣继续向近端掀起,向下旋转,远端折叠形成鼻小柱和鼻翼。额部供区近端创面直接拉拢缝合,皮瓣近端外露筋膜面异种皮覆盖。鼻孔放置橡胶管包裹油纱布支撑,切口纱布包扎。术后7d拆线。
1.2.3 三期(再造鼻皮瓣断蒂修整术):局麻下切断鼻根皮瓣蒂部,舒展皮瓣,形成鼻根,并将多余的蒂部组织放回原处矫正双眉位置不对称。术后7d拆线。
1.3 术后处理:一期术后10d拆除加压包堆。二期术后7d拆线,术后3周开始锻炼血运,用无菌手套口橡胶束带结扎再造鼻蒂部。每天2次,从5min开始,若再造鼻远端的颜色变白或变紫,就减小结扎力量或缩短结扎时间,每次锻炼时间增加5min至血运彻底阻断2h而皮瓣颜色无变化时,可行断蒂手术。断蒂手术一般距二期1个月。三期术后6个月行局部皮瓣修整手术,修薄皮瓣,去除残余毛囊,调整与改善鼻部亚单位形态。, http://www.100md.com(葛小静 朱喆辰 侯祚琼)
[关键词]耳甲腔复合组织;耳甲腔软骨;额部皮瓣;鼻再造
[中图分类号]R622 [文献标志码]A [文章编号]1008-6455(2018)07-0010-03
Abstract: Objective To discuss the surgical method and postoperative effect of cavum conchae skin and cartilage composite tissue combined with forehead flap in repair of nasal defect. Methods Patients with part of or total nasal defect were included. Proper ear cavity composite tissue of skin and cartilage and forehead flap were precisely designed according to the defect area of nasal substructure including nasal tip, nasal wing and nasal columella. The reconstructive surgery was completed by stages of flap prefabrication, transfer, and pedicle division, as well as repairation of the skeleton support and appearance of the nose. Results 20 cases of nasal defect were repaired with this method. No graft necrosis occurred. The appearance and function of nose was good with slight scar, and there was no auricular donor site deformity. Conclusion Application of cavum conchae composite tissue combined with forehead skin flap in repairing nasal defect can achieve ideal appearance and function recovery.
, http://www.100md.com
Key words: cavum conchae composite tissue; auricle cartilage; forehead flap; nasal reconstruction
運用额部皮瓣行全鼻或半鼻再造已经成为整形外科医生的首选术式,而再造鼻软骨支架的重建、衬里的制备,对再造鼻远期形态、功能有重要意义,目前仍无明确的术式及最佳的方案。2013年1月-2016年6月笔者科室收治了半侧鼻或全鼻缺损病例20例,采用耳甲腔复合组织联合额部皮瓣术式行鼻再造,随访6个月~3年,效果良好,现报道如下。
1 资料和方法
1.1 临床资料:本组共20例患者,男11例,女9例,其中8例因外伤所致全鼻缺损,行全鼻再造;12例因鼻部恶性肿瘤手术切除致半侧鼻缺损行半侧鼻再造。手术指征:①鼻尖、鼻翼全层缺损范围大,无法行临近局部皮瓣或复合组织移植修复者;②鼻腔无感染;③肿瘤术后1年无复发,化疗后至少半年;④外伤后至少半年,瘢痕稳定,无明显瘢痕增生。
, 百拇医药
1.2 手术方法:手术分三期进行。
1.2.1 一期(额部皮瓣预制,耳甲腔复合组织切取移植):术前根据超声多普勒血流探测仪探测血管,确定额部滑车上动脉走行并标记,根据再造鼻大小设计额部皮瓣。全麻下手术,沿设计线切开皮瓣至额肌表面,于额肌表面从远端向近端部分掀起皮瓣至远端需植皮的范围,皮瓣近端基底不掀起。切取耳甲腔皮肤、软骨复合组织,修剪与皮瓣远端边缘曲线一致,耳软骨面贴于皮瓣筋膜面,缝合固定,皮瓣远端形成的额部创面中厚游离皮片移植修复,复合组织、皮片处包堆加压,皮瓣近端切口原位缝合,耳甲腔缺损处以耳后皮瓣修复。
1.2.2 二期(皮瓣转移鼻再造术):一般安排在一期术后1个月,复合组织存活。将预制皮瓣继续向近端掀起,向下旋转,远端折叠形成鼻小柱和鼻翼。额部供区近端创面直接拉拢缝合,皮瓣近端外露筋膜面异种皮覆盖。鼻孔放置橡胶管包裹油纱布支撑,切口纱布包扎。术后7d拆线。
1.2.3 三期(再造鼻皮瓣断蒂修整术):局麻下切断鼻根皮瓣蒂部,舒展皮瓣,形成鼻根,并将多余的蒂部组织放回原处矫正双眉位置不对称。术后7d拆线。
1.3 术后处理:一期术后10d拆除加压包堆。二期术后7d拆线,术后3周开始锻炼血运,用无菌手套口橡胶束带结扎再造鼻蒂部。每天2次,从5min开始,若再造鼻远端的颜色变白或变紫,就减小结扎力量或缩短结扎时间,每次锻炼时间增加5min至血运彻底阻断2h而皮瓣颜色无变化时,可行断蒂手术。断蒂手术一般距二期1个月。三期术后6个月行局部皮瓣修整手术,修薄皮瓣,去除残余毛囊,调整与改善鼻部亚单位形态。, http://www.100md.com(葛小静 朱喆辰 侯祚琼)