[摘要]外泌体被定义为一类胞外囊泡，由内体膜向内萌发形成，与质膜融合后释放到细胞外环境中。多年来，研究者为发现新型、高效和选择性极佳的外泌体分离方法做出了大量的努力。外泌体被认为在细胞间的交流中起着重要的作用，在各种类型癌症中，抑制外泌体的释放可能有助于减缓某些癌症的进展。因此，外泌体一直是癌症治疗的一个有吸引力的靶点。随着研究的深入，黑素瘤来源的外泌体在黑素瘤的进展及治疗等方面展现出了巨大潜力。本文总结了外泌体的主要生物学特征及其在黑素瘤诊治方面的新进展，以期为未来黑素瘤诊疗提供指导。

    [关键词]外泌体；生物学特征；黑素瘤；诊治；生物标记物

    [中图分类号]R739.5" " [文献标志码]A" " [文章编号]1008-6455(2025)04-0188-04

    Basic Biological Characteristics of Exosomes and Research Progress in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Melanoma

    LI Xinghui1， LIU Yu1， ZHOU Yang1， QIAN Qihong2

    ( 1.Department of Dermatology， the Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University /the First People’s Hospital of Yancheng， Yancheng 224001， Jiangsu， China; 2.Department of Dermatology， the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University， Suzhou 215008， Jiangsu， China )

    Abstract： Exosomes are defined as extracellular vesicles that germinate inwards from the endosomal membrane and are released into the extracellular environment after fusion with the plasma membrane. Over the years， researchers have made great efforts to find new， efficient and highly selective exosome separation methods. Exosomes are thought to play an important role in cell-cell communication ......