妊娠期糖尿病孕妇饮食相关知识与行为的调查分析(1)
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【摘要】目的：了解妊娠期糖尿病孕妇饮食认知与行为现状，为产前营养健康教育提供参考。方法：采用自设饮食认知与行为调查表对就诊于北京市某二级医院产科门诊的61例妊娠期糖尿病孕妇进行调查。对资料进行t检验，方差检验及相关分析。结果：饮食相关知识得分及行为得分二者呈正相关(γ3.313，P<0.05)。家庭月收入(P0.005)与家庭支持程度(P0.017)对饮食行为水平有显著影响；孕周与GDM病程与孕妇的行为水平得分呈正相关(γ1 0.187，P0.045; γ2 0.316， P0.001)；糖尿病家族史对饮食相关知识水平有影响(P0.002)。结论：妊娠期糖尿病孕妇饮食控制知识及行为状况均不理想，且受家庭的经济状况、家人支持程度、家族史、孕周及GDM病程的影响。因此有必要针对孕妇的健康需求，改进并加强产前营养健康教育，同时加强对孕妇家属的营养指导。
【关键词】妊娠期糖尿病; 饮食控制; 认知; 行为; 健康教育
A Survey of diet related knowledge and behaviors of women with gestational diabetes mellitus and analysis of influence factors
【Abstract】 OBJECTIVEThrough the investigation on the diet related knowledge and behaviors of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)，the data referred by prenatal diet health education were acquired. METHOD61 GDM women were investigated and interviewed by investigators with a self-made questionnaire. The data were analyzed by t-test， ANOVA， correlation analysis. RESULTSThe two values are positive related to each other (γ0.313，P<0.05). Both the family month incoming (P0.005) and the attitude toward diet control of families (P0.017) are positive influence factors to behavior. Gestational age and course of GDM are positive related to behavior. Family diabetes history is a negative influence factor to the knowledge of diet control (P0.002).CONCLUSIONSince the level of the diet control related knowledge and behavior of GDM women are fairly low， and influenced by economic status， supporting from families， family history， gestational age and course of GDM. Thus it is necessary to improve the methods of prenatal health education to enhance the benefits according to their health demand. Families of GDM women should also be included in the health education program.
【Keywords】gestational diabetes mellitusdiet managementknowledgebehaviorhealth education
【中图分类号】R193【文献标识码】C【文章编号】1008-6455(2011)08-0116-03
近年来，随着人们生活水平的改善，妊娠期糖尿病的发病率有逐年增高的趋势[1-3]。若妊娠期搪尿病孕妇怀孕期间血搪控制不理想，对孕妇、胎儿以及新生儿的远期预后都十分不利[4-6]。目前，治疗妊娠期糖尿病的方法主要有饮食控制和胰岛素注射两种。国内外大量循证医学资料表明，约80%的妊娠期糖尿病患者靠单纯的饮食治疗就能有效地把血搪控制在正常范围内，从而避免高血搪、低血搪或酮症，降低母儿并发症的发生率[7-9]。而孕妇对于饮食控制的认知及实践程度会直接影响血糖控制水平，关系到母婴健康。本文旨在对妊娠期搪尿病孕妇的饮食认知及行为进行调查，并对有可能影响孕妇饮食行为的社会因素进行评估，为更有针对性、更全面的健康教育提供参考。
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