国内外父母冲突对儿童心理行为影响状况及作用机制研究(3)
儿童对父母冲突的反应存在冲突内容、年龄和性别上的差异。根据冲突的内容是否关于子女本身，可分为涉己冲突和非涉己冲突。研究表明，那些感知到涉己冲突的儿童比非涉己冲突的儿童更加自责和感到有责任去干涉父母冲突。杰基(Jackie)等人通过模拟的父母冲突场景，观察儿童对冲突的反应，结果显示年龄越大的儿童越容易采取积极的应对策略，如寻求别人的帮助，直接解决冲突。在性别差异上，研究者有不同的结论。艾美瑞(Emery )的研究表明，女孩比男孩更可能干预家庭冲突。凯瑟琳(Katherine)等人的研究指出，与男孩相比，女孩更多地提出减少父母怒气的方法，男孩则更多地卷入和干预冲突。
当前国外关于此领域的研究除了探讨父母冲突对儿童心理健康和行为的直接影响外，还试图揭示在父母冲突和儿童心理健康之间其他变量的中介调节作用即影响机制问题。
参考文献：
[1] Bandura A. Principles of behavior modification. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston,1969.
[2] Anderson S A ,and Cramer-Benjamin D B. The impact of couple violence on parenting and children: An overview and clinical implications. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 1999,(27):1~13.
[3] Stocker C ,and Youngblade L. Marital conflict and parental hostility: Links with children’s sibling and peer relationships. Journal of Family Psychology, 1999,(13):598~609.
[4] E Mark Cummings, Marcie C, Goeke-Morey, and Lauren M. Papp Everyday Marital Conflict and Child Aggression Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 2004,(32): 191~202 .
[5] Grych J H,and Fincham F D. Marital conflict and child’s adjustment: Acognitive-contextual framework. Psychological Bulletin, 1990，(108):267~290.
[6] Grych J H. Children’s appraisals of interparental conflict: Situational and contextual influences. Journal of Family Psychology, 1998，(12): 437~453.
[7] Davies P, and Cummings E. Marital conflict and child adjustment: An emotional security hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 1994,(116)：387~411.
[8] Grych J, and Fincham F. Children’s appraisals of marital conflict: Initial investigations of the cognitive–contextual framework. Child Development, 1993, (64): 215~230.
[9] Goldberg W, and Eastbrooks M A. Role of marital quality in toddler development. Developmental Psychology, 1984,(20),:504~514.
[10] Erel O,and Burman B. Interrelatedness of marital relations and parent–child relations:Ameta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 1995,(118): 108~132.
[11] Emery R E, and O'Leary K D. Marital discord and child behavior problems in a nonclinic sample. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 1984,(12):411~420.
[12] Hetherington E M, Cox M, Cox R. Effects of divorce on parents and children. In M E Lamb (Ed.), Nontraditional families: Parenting and child development. Hillsdale, NJ: Earlbaum, 1982，233~288.
[13] Kolbo J R. Risk and resilience among children exposed to family violence. Violence and victims, 1996,(11):113~128.
[14] Cummings E M, Goeke-Morey M C,and Papp L M. Everyday marital conflict and child aggression. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 2004, (32): 191~202.
(作者单位：芜湖信息技术职业技术学院，芜湖，241003；安徽师范大学教育科学学院，芜湖，241000)
编辑/于 洪 终校/何 妍 (尹明霞 葛明贵)
当前国外关于此领域的研究除了探讨父母冲突对儿童心理健康和行为的直接影响外，还试图揭示在父母冲突和儿童心理健康之间其他变量的中介调节作用即影响机制问题。
参考文献：
[1] Bandura A. Principles of behavior modification. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston,1969.
[2] Anderson S A ,and Cramer-Benjamin D B. The impact of couple violence on parenting and children: An overview and clinical implications. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 1999,(27):1~13.
[3] Stocker C ,and Youngblade L. Marital conflict and parental hostility: Links with children’s sibling and peer relationships. Journal of Family Psychology, 1999,(13):598~609.
[4] E Mark Cummings, Marcie C, Goeke-Morey, and Lauren M. Papp Everyday Marital Conflict and Child Aggression Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 2004,(32): 191~202 .
[5] Grych J H,and Fincham F D. Marital conflict and child’s adjustment: Acognitive-contextual framework. Psychological Bulletin, 1990，(108):267~290.
[6] Grych J H. Children’s appraisals of interparental conflict: Situational and contextual influences. Journal of Family Psychology, 1998，(12): 437~453.
[7] Davies P, and Cummings E. Marital conflict and child adjustment: An emotional security hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 1994,(116)：387~411.
[8] Grych J, and Fincham F. Children’s appraisals of marital conflict: Initial investigations of the cognitive–contextual framework. Child Development, 1993, (64): 215~230.
[9] Goldberg W, and Eastbrooks M A. Role of marital quality in toddler development. Developmental Psychology, 1984,(20),:504~514.
[10] Erel O,and Burman B. Interrelatedness of marital relations and parent–child relations:Ameta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 1995,(118): 108~132.
[11] Emery R E, and O'Leary K D. Marital discord and child behavior problems in a nonclinic sample. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 1984,(12):411~420.
[12] Hetherington E M, Cox M, Cox R. Effects of divorce on parents and children. In M E Lamb (Ed.), Nontraditional families: Parenting and child development. Hillsdale, NJ: Earlbaum, 1982，233~288.
[13] Kolbo J R. Risk and resilience among children exposed to family violence. Violence and victims, 1996,(11):113~128.
[14] Cummings E M, Goeke-Morey M C,and Papp L M. Everyday marital conflict and child aggression. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 2004, (32): 191~202.
(作者单位：芜湖信息技术职业技术学院，芜湖，241003；安徽师范大学教育科学学院，芜湖，241000)
编辑/于 洪 终校/何 妍 (尹明霞 葛明贵)