[摘要]基因治疗是向靶细胞或组织引入外源基因片段，通过纠正或补偿缺陷基因，关闭或抑制异常表达的基因，从而达到治疗目的的一种生物医学技术。病毒载体是一种可将遗传物质带入细胞的分子生物学工具，其原理是利用病毒具有传送其基因组进入其他细胞，进行感染。在基因治疗中，因组织的靶向性，特异性，转染表达等不同，选择使用不同的病毒载体，以下综述了逆转录病毒载体、腺病毒载体、腺相关病毒载体、单纯疱疹病毒载体、α-病毒载体以及痘病毒载体，并提出了病毒载体的发展方向和必要性。

    [关键词]基因治疗；载体；病毒；感染；基因表达

    [Abstract]Gene therapy is to cure the inherited or acquired diseases through delivering normal genes to targeted cells and replacing the unorderly genes. Viral vectors have different capabilities as gene delivery vehicles for vaccines and immunotherapeutics.The principle is that virus can deliver the gene to other cells by infection. The methods used so far were reviewed in viral systems including retrovirus, adenovirus, adeno-associated virus, herpessimplex virus, α-virus and vaccinia virus.Also, the development of virus vectors for gene therapy was reviewed in this paper.

    [Key words]gene therapy; vector; virus; infection; gene expression

    基因治疗是当代医学和生物学的一个新的研究领域 ......