安阳市1982～2006年伤寒流行病学特征分析
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【摘要】目的分析安阳市1982～2006年伤寒流行特征，掌握其流行规律，制定有效的预防控制措施。方法采用描述流行病学现况分析研究方法。结果25年全市伤寒年平均发病率5.75/10万，病死率0.25%，伤寒总发病率呈起伏下降趋势。80年代初，出现1次流行高峰，进入90年代，发病率一直控制在3.00/10万以下，平原发病率明显高于山区；发病高峰为每年的8～11月份；高发年龄为30～39岁；职业以农民、学生和散居儿童为多；临床表现有轻型和不典型趋向；水源污染是伤寒暴发的主要因素。结论控制伤寒发病的关键，是提供安全的饮用水和食品，搞好环境卫生，改变不良的个人卫生习惯，加强对慢性带菌者的监测与管理，以及健康教育的普及。
【关键词】伤寒 流行病学
Typhus epidemiology characteristic analysis in An Yang during 1982～2006ZHANG zhi-feng, REN gui-ling ,YuJie
1(Linzhou Disease Prevention and Control Linzhu Center,Henan 456550 china)2、3(AnyangDisease Prevention and Control Center Anyang ,Henan 455000.china)
【Abstract】 Objective To analyze epidemic characteristic of typhoid in An Yang during 1982～2006,graspits popular rule,and formulate the effective anticipatory control measure.Method To use the description epidemiology analysis technique .Results The whole city typhus annual incidence rate is 5.75/10ten thousand during 24years,the fatality rate 0.25%,the typhus total incidence rate assumes the fluctuation drop tendency.One time of popular peak appear at the beginning of the 80’s,the incidence rate is controlled in below3.00/10the ten thousands during the 90’s.The plain incidence rate obviously is higher than the mountainous area;the peak appears in August～November;the age is30～39years old;the occupation takes the farmer,the student and the scattered child as to be major;the clinical manifestation has light and the atypical trend;the water pollution is the primary factor which typhus explodes.Conclusions The key of typhus control is to provide the safe water and food,do the environmental sanitation well,change personal hygiene custom,and strengthen the chronic carrier’s monitor and the management. as well as health education popucarization. ......
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