福建省德化第三中学

    一、英语定语从句的概念与分类

    定语从句即在复合句中充当定语成分的句子，由关联词、先行词、关系代词、关系副词等组成。关联词是连接定语从句与主句之间的副词或者代词；先行词是被定语从句限制、修饰的代词与名词；关系代词如“whom”、“who”、“whose”、“that”；关系副词如“why”、“when”、“where”等。关系代词、关系副词在定语从句中，充当句子成分，如果关系代词为主语，那么先行词、谓语需要保持一致。[2]

    具备状语功能的定语从句：从大类型来看，定语从句包括限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句两类，具备状语功能的定语从句是基于此衍生出的新类型，对先行词并不会起到很大的限制和修饰作用，能够补充句子内容。

    二、英语定语从句的学习和分类

    常用的关系代词有who/whom(指人)，whose(指人或物)，which(指物)，that(指人或物)，as(指人或物)；关系副词有when(指时间)，where(指地点)，why(指原因)。要掌握好定语从句，首先要掌握好定语从句的词序和关系代词的选择。

    (一)定语从句的词序 根据关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中所充当的不同成分，定语从句的词序有以下几种：

    1、关系代词引导的定语从句有以下七种常见词序。

    1.关系代词+谓语 关系代词作定语从句的主语。关系代词主要有who，that，which，as。如：1)Aqiao told her father all that had happened.2)On the ground lay an old sick goat，which had gone into the cave to die.3)People who can see sometimes act just as foolishly.4)He married her，as was natural.5)He does not have such a mind as is necessary to a scientist.

    2.关系代词+名词+谓语

    关系代词作定语从句的主语的定语。常用的关系代词是whose，有时也用which。如：1)Wei Fang is the student whose home caught fire last night.2)Engels，whose native language was German，could read and write in several foreign languages. ......