化疗药物对肿瘤科护士的职业暴露调查及防护策略
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[摘要] 目的：提高肿瘤科护士对化疗药物职业暴露的认识，提高自我保护意识，防止职业损伤，保证护理人员的安全。方法：采用自行设计的调查问卷对45名接触化疗药物的护士进行问卷调查。结果：90%的人能说出化疗药物的危害性，80%的人能说出化疗药物的危害途径，51%的人采取了相应的防护措施。结论：肿瘤科护士对化疗药物的危害性认识不足，自我防护意识薄弱，无完善的化疗防护措施。加强职业安全教育和管理，严格各项操作规程，完善的防护措施和休息制度，能有效控制护理人员职业暴露可能带来的危害，保障了护理人员的安全和身体健康。
[关键词] 化疗药物；肿瘤科护士；职业暴露；防护
[中图分类号] R192.6[文献标识码]C [文章编号]1673-7210(2011)03(b)-129-03
Research and protection strategy on chemotherapy drug occupational exposure of the oncology nurse
LIU Ruizhi1, XIE Liqiong2, CHEN Jianfang3
1.Department of Oncology, the First People's Hospital of Huizhou City, Guangdong Province, Huizhou 516001, China;2.Department of Otolaryngology, the Central People's Hospital of Huizhou City, Guangdong Province, Huizhou 516001, China; 3.Obstetrical Department, Huiyang Care Maternal and Child Care Service Centre of Huizhou City, Guangdong Province, Huizhou 516001, China
[Abstract] Objective: To improve the knowledge of oncology nurse on chemotherapy drugs occupational exposure, self-protection awareness, in order to prevent occupational injury, and ensure the safety of nurses. Methods: Self-designed questionnaire was used to 45 nurses who contacted chemotherapy drugs. Results: 90% of nurses could tell the harmfulness of chemotherapy drugs, 80% of nurses could tell the harm pathway of chemotherapy drugs, 51% of nurses had carried out corresponding preventive measures. Conclusion: Oncology nurses have the less knowledge of chemotherapy drugs, their awareness of self-protection is weak who have no perfect chemotherapy preventive measures. We should carry out some measures such as strengthen occupational safety education, strict operation procedures, perfect protection measures and rest, which can effectively control the harm from occupational exposures to protect the personal safety of nurses.
[Key words] Chemotherapy drugs; Oncology nurse; Occupational exposures; Protection
动物试验表明大多数化疗药物都具有潜在的致突变、致畸、致癌的作用，在杀死癌细胞的同时对机体的正常细胞也具有杀伤或抑制作用[1]。肿瘤科护士在为患者进行药物治疗时，经常会通过呼吸道、消化道、皮肤接触到各种类型的化疗药物，何海丽等[2]的调查显示，经常接触化疗药物的医务人员的细胞染色体有较多异常现象，长期接触可出现白细胞减少、月经不调、脱发等发生。Hirst的研究显示，肿瘤科护士的尿液中可以检测出环磷酰胺，且药物持续5 d以上才消失[3] ......
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