髋关节置换术患者围术期护理(1)
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[摘要] 目的：总结有关全髋关节置换术围术期的护理经验，提高护理人员的技术水平。方法：对我院57例髋关节置换术患者围术期护理措施进行总结分析。围术期护理包括术前护理(术前健康评估、心理护理、术前适应性锻炼及术前常规准备)和术后护理(病情观察、基础护理、预防并发症、康复训练指导及出院后的注意事项、功能锻炼指导)两个方面。结果：57例患者全部安全度过围术期，未发生严重并发症，全部康复出院。结论：正确的康复护理是全髋关节置换术成功的重要环节，做好髋关节置换术围术期的整体护理，能有效减少并发症，减轻患者痛苦，是手术成功及提高患者的生活质量的关键。
[关键词] 髋关节置换术；围术期；护理
[中图分类号] R683.42 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2011)11(a)-134-03
Perioperative care of patients underwent hip joint replacement surgery
LUO Jiyue
Gaotanyan Southwest Hospital of Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
[Abstract] Objective: To summarize the perioperative nursing experience of hip joint replacement surgery (HJRS), in order to improve skills of nursing personnel. Methods: Perioperative care measure of 57 cases of patients underwent HJRS in our hospital were analyzed. Preoperative care (preoperative health assessment, psychological care, preoperative adaptability exercise and routine preoperative preparation) and post-operative care (disease observation, basic care, prevention of complications, rehabilitation training guidance, guidance of precautions after hospital discharge and functional exercise) were included in perioperative care measures. Results: All patients were safe during perioperative period without serious complications, and all patients were discharged hospital after recovery. Conclusion: Correct rehabilitation care is the important link of the success in HJRS. Overall perioperative care of HJRS can effectively reduce complications and patient suffering which is an important component of HJRS success and improvement of patients life quality.
[Key words] Hip joint replacement surgery; Perioperative period; Nursing
髋关节置换术或全髋关节置换术是用人造髋关节置换所有或部分髋关节以重建关节运动功能的一种修复手术[1]。目前髋关节置换术最常用于治疗老年股骨颈骨折，此外还可用于治疗髋关节骨关节炎或关节炎、髋关节疼痛、髋关节修复术后关节不稳、部分髋部骨折以及髋关节肿瘤等。有研究显示，人工髋关节置换是老年股骨颈骨折等髋关节疾病最有效的治疗方法，经过置换的髋关节功能可通过后期的功能锻炼得到较大程度的恢复。不仅如此，髋关节置换术还可适当调整双下肢长度，对一些特殊类型的下肢疾病也具有一定的治疗效果[2]。适当的髋关节置换术围术期护理，包括术前充分准备、全面评估术前情况、积极控制术前并发症、术后积极观察护理等可使原有疾病在围术期得到较好控制，从而保证手术效果，提高患者生存质量，是手术成功的关键之一。本研究对2008年9月~2010年8月我院收治髋关节置换术患者57例的围手术期护理进行总结，现报道如下：
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
2008年9月~2010年8月我院共收治髋关节置换术患者57例，男37例，女20例；年龄55~79岁，平均64岁；行半髋置换术41例，全髋置换术16例，均为单侧。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 术前护理
1.2.1.1 术前健康评估及处理
患者术前的全身健康状况对手术是否成功具有极重要的意义 ......
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