间变性大细胞淋巴瘤(ALK阳性)误诊为横纹肌肉瘤1例并文献复习(2)
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2.2 误诊原因分析
本例外院误诊的主要原因有:①患者以腋部无痛性肿块起病,后渐出现局部肿痛,外院由此初步考虑为来源于软组织的恶性肿瘤。但未留意反复发热、消瘦、浅表淋巴结肿大等临床特点,忽视了淋巴瘤的可能性。②ALCL的形态谱系非常广泛,肿瘤细胞可不表现大细胞或间变性形态特征,仅表现出单一性细胞形态。本例外院病理切片即见分化原始的小或中等大小细胞,与横纹肌肉瘤等其他类型的小圆细胞肿瘤在形态学上不易区分,易造成误诊。③目前尚无针对肿瘤的特异性抗体,而同一种抗体可在多种肿瘤中表达,存在交叉阳性。Vimentin是横纹肌肉瘤等间叶细胞来源肿瘤的相对特异性标志,然而在一些淋巴瘤及上皮性肿瘤中也有表达。
本例的诊治经过提示:临床工作中行病理诊断时,应充分结合患者临床特点及相关检查,恰当选用一线及二线抗体,从而提高早期诊断率,进而给予合理治疗。此外,由于ALK阳性ALCL较其他类型的小圆细胞肿瘤有相对较好的预后,因此,与后者的鉴别诊断具有重要临床意义。依据患者临床及病理特点,恰当选用LCA、CD30、ALK、EMA等抗体行免疫组化检测将有助于鉴别。
[参考文献]
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