影响类风湿关节炎疼痛的非炎性因素
[摘要] 类风湿关节炎(RA)是一种以对称性、多关节炎为主要表现的慢性、全身性自身免疫性疾病。“疼痛”是类风湿关节炎最常见的症状。引起类风湿关节炎疼痛的因素是多方面的,除了炎性因素外,非炎性因素包括中枢神经系统调节通路异常、周围关节的损伤、纤维肌痛及慢性广泛性疼痛等都会引起疼痛,此外,包括睡眠障碍、焦虑、抑郁等心理因素,疼痛灾难化及自我效能感等认知反应,积极及消极的行为反应,饮食与肥胖,综合性护理等其他因素也可能影响RA患者的疼痛感知。患者和医生必须认识到并不是所有的疼痛都是炎性的,治疗上除了抗风湿的药物外,还需要考虑非炎性治疗策略。
[关键词] 类风湿关节炎;疼痛;影响因素;纤维肌痛;焦虑;睡眠
[中图分类号] R593.22 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2020)02(b)-0038-04
Non-inflammatory factors affecting rheumatoid arthritis pain
HE Jiali1 WANG Xiaoxia2 CHEN Huifang1 LIU Dan1
1.The Graduate School, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030001, China; 2.Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030001, China
[Abstract] Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease characterized by symmetry and polyarthritis. “Pain” is the most common symptom of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis pain is caused by a variety of factors, in addition to inflammatory factors, non-inflammatory factors including central nervous system regulatory pathway abnormalities, damage to the surrounding joints, fibromyalgia and chronic generalized pain can cause pain, In addition, other factors including psychological factors such as sleep disorders, anxiety and depression, cognitive responses such as pain disaster and self-efficacy, positive and negative behavioral responses, diet and obesity, and comprehensive nursing care may also affect pain perception in RA patients. Patients and physicians must recognize that not all pain is inflammatory, and that non-inflammatory treatment strategies need to be considered in addition to antirheumatic medications.
[Key words] Rheumatoid arthritis; Pain; Influencing factors; Fibromyalgia; Anxiety; Sleep
類风湿关节炎(rheumatoid Arthritis,RA)是一种以对称性、多关节炎为主要表现的慢性、全身性自身免疫性疾病。“疼痛”是RA最常见的症状。
临床上,炎症指标是反映RA病情的主要指标。常用的炎症指标有红细胞沉降率(ESR)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)及白细胞计数(WBC),他们反映疾病活动度,对各种关节炎如RA,是一个有价值的客观指标,比临床症状等主观指标更敏感。但是很多RA患者即使炎症控制的很好,仍然存在疼痛,因此,引起RA疼痛的因素是多方面的,除了炎性因素外,还存在许多非炎性因素。为了更好地了解RA患者疼痛的原因,并进行合理的用药,本文结合国内外研究总结影响RA疼痛的非炎性因素,现综述如下:
1 中枢疼痛调节机制
中枢神经系统疼痛调节机制异常(包括条件性疼痛调节和中枢敏化)是引起RA患者疼痛的重要原因之一。中枢神经系统疼痛调节有3个主要原因:①下行的促进途径;②下行抑制性疼痛通路;③中枢敏化。血清素和去甲肾上腺素是负责这些下行的兴奋性或抑制性调节疼痛通路的2种主要的神经递质[1]。中枢敏化通过释放兴奋性神经递质,如谷氨酸和P物质导致弥漫性疼痛敏感性增强[2]。中枢敏化是中枢神经系统伤害性神经元对正常输入反应和对正常阈下输入反应的增强。在急性疼痛中,敏化是诱导机体保护受损组织愈合的生理过程,是生存的重要机制。, http://www.100md.com(何佳莉 王晓霞 陈慧芳 刘丹)
[关键词] 类风湿关节炎;疼痛;影响因素;纤维肌痛;焦虑;睡眠
[中图分类号] R593.22 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2020)02(b)-0038-04
Non-inflammatory factors affecting rheumatoid arthritis pain
HE Jiali1 WANG Xiaoxia2 CHEN Huifang1 LIU Dan1
1.The Graduate School, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030001, China; 2.Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030001, China
[Abstract] Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease characterized by symmetry and polyarthritis. “Pain” is the most common symptom of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis pain is caused by a variety of factors, in addition to inflammatory factors, non-inflammatory factors including central nervous system regulatory pathway abnormalities, damage to the surrounding joints, fibromyalgia and chronic generalized pain can cause pain, In addition, other factors including psychological factors such as sleep disorders, anxiety and depression, cognitive responses such as pain disaster and self-efficacy, positive and negative behavioral responses, diet and obesity, and comprehensive nursing care may also affect pain perception in RA patients. Patients and physicians must recognize that not all pain is inflammatory, and that non-inflammatory treatment strategies need to be considered in addition to antirheumatic medications.
[Key words] Rheumatoid arthritis; Pain; Influencing factors; Fibromyalgia; Anxiety; Sleep
類风湿关节炎(rheumatoid Arthritis,RA)是一种以对称性、多关节炎为主要表现的慢性、全身性自身免疫性疾病。“疼痛”是RA最常见的症状。
临床上,炎症指标是反映RA病情的主要指标。常用的炎症指标有红细胞沉降率(ESR)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)及白细胞计数(WBC),他们反映疾病活动度,对各种关节炎如RA,是一个有价值的客观指标,比临床症状等主观指标更敏感。但是很多RA患者即使炎症控制的很好,仍然存在疼痛,因此,引起RA疼痛的因素是多方面的,除了炎性因素外,还存在许多非炎性因素。为了更好地了解RA患者疼痛的原因,并进行合理的用药,本文结合国内外研究总结影响RA疼痛的非炎性因素,现综述如下:
1 中枢疼痛调节机制
中枢神经系统疼痛调节机制异常(包括条件性疼痛调节和中枢敏化)是引起RA患者疼痛的重要原因之一。中枢神经系统疼痛调节有3个主要原因:①下行的促进途径;②下行抑制性疼痛通路;③中枢敏化。血清素和去甲肾上腺素是负责这些下行的兴奋性或抑制性调节疼痛通路的2种主要的神经递质[1]。中枢敏化通过释放兴奋性神经递质,如谷氨酸和P物质导致弥漫性疼痛敏感性增强[2]。中枢敏化是中枢神经系统伤害性神经元对正常输入反应和对正常阈下输入反应的增强。在急性疼痛中,敏化是诱导机体保护受损组织愈合的生理过程,是生存的重要机制。, http://www.100md.com(何佳莉 王晓霞 陈慧芳 刘丹)