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脑卒中康复期患者发生跌倒危险因素的meta分析(1)
http://www.100md.com 2020年9月15日 《中国医药导报》 202026
     [摘要] 目的 通过meta分析明确脑卒中康复期患者发生跌倒的危险因素。 方法 计算机检索PubMed、EMbase、Web of Science、維普、万方等数据库,检索时间为各数据库建库至2019年10月20日,采用RevMan 5.3软件对提取的数据进行meta分析。 结果 共纳入13篇文章,3704例患者,跌倒组1311例,非跌倒组2393例。听力障碍(OR = 2.87,95%CI:2.10~3.92,P < 0.000 01),认知障碍(OR = 3.92,95%CI:1.55~9.93,P = 0.004),平衡障碍(OR = 1.60,95%CI:1.01~2.52,P = 0.04),高血压(OR = 1.79,95%CI:1.02~3.14,P = 0.04),有中风史(OR = 1.70,95%CI:1.31~2.20,P < 0.0001),骨关节炎(OR = 1.73,95%CI:1.25~2.39,P = 0.0008),镇静催眠药的使用(OR = 2.20,95%CI:1.73~2.80,P < 0.000 01),抗抑郁药的使用(OR = 1.98,95%CI:1.29~3.06,P = 0.002)均是脑卒中康复期患者发生跌倒的危险因素。 结论 脑卒中康复期患者跌倒发生率高,应识别危险因素并制订预防措施,从而减少跌倒的发生。

    [关键词] 脑卒中;康复期;跌倒;危险因素;meta分析

    [中图分类号] R743.3 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2020)09(b)-0108-05

    [Abstract] Objective Meta analysis was used to identify the risk factors of falls in patients with stroke during rehabilitation period. Methods PubMed, EMbase, web of science, Weipu database,Wanfang and other databases were searched by computer. The retrieval time was from the establishment of each database to October 20, 2019. Meta analysis of the extracted data was carried out using RevMan 5.3 software. Results A total of 13 articles and 3704 patients were included, and the fall group was 1311 cases, the non-fall group was 2393 cases. Hearing impairment (OR = 2.87, 95%CI:2.10-3.92, P < 0.000 01), cognitive impairment (OR = 3.92, 95%CI:1.55-9.93, P = 0.004), balance impairment (OR = 1.60, 95%CI:1.01-2.52, P = 0.04), hypertension (OR = 1.79, 95%CI:1.02-3.14, P = 0.04), history of stroke (OR = 1.70, 95%CI:1.31-2.20,P < 0.0001), osteoarthritis (OR = 1.73, 95%CI:1.25-2.39, P = 0.0008), sedative hypnotic use (OR = 2.20, 95%CI:1.73-2.80, P < 0.000 01), antidepressant use (OR = 1.98, 95%CI:1.29-3.06, P = 0.002) were all risk factors for falls in stroke patients during rehabilitation period. Conclusion The incidence of falls is high in stroke patients during rehabilitation period, so risk factors should be identified and preventive measures should be formulated to reduce the incidence of falls.

    [Key words] Stroke; Rehabilitation period; Fall; Risk factors; Meta analysis

    我国脑卒中发病率居世界首位且呈逐年上升趋势,是成年人致死、致残的首位病因[1]。相关研究显示[2],70%~80%的脑卒中患者遗留不同程度的残疾,导致机体感觉功能障碍、平衡能力降低,从而增加跌倒的风险。跌倒是脑卒中康复期患者最常发生的不良事件,发生率高达30%~50%[3],易致骨折、脑外伤、行动能力丧失甚至死亡,增加致残率、致死率,加重家庭和社会负担。识别相关危险因素是预防脑卒中康复期患者跌倒的重要手段。目前国内外关于脑卒中康复期患者发生跌倒的危险因素结论不一。本研究对脑卒中康复期患者发跌倒的危险因素进行meta分析,为跌倒的预测及干预措施的构建提供参考依据。

    1 资料与方法

    1.1 检索策略

    计算机检索PubMed、EMbase、Web of Science、维普、万方等数据库。英文检索词:stroke、fall、convalescence;中文检索词:脑卒中、跌倒、康复期。采用主题词与自由词相结合的检索方式,检索时间为建库至2019年10月20日。, 百拇医药(张悦琪 朱自强 梅春丽)
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