何梦钰 左祥荣 解卫平

    [摘要] 内质网是调控细胞蛋白质合成、钙稳态和细胞凋亡的重要细胞器，内皮细胞具有高度发达的内质网，越来越多的研究发现内质网应激参与内皮细胞功能障碍。多种病理状态如高同型半胱氨酸血症、高血流剪切应力、高脂血症、高血糖等都可引起内皮细胞发生内质网应激，适当的内质网应激通过激活未折叠蛋白反应恢复内质网稳态，而内皮细胞内质网功能的长期损伤将导致慢性内质网应激和未折叠蛋白反应，进而增加内皮细胞氧化应激和炎性反应，最终致死亡。由于内皮细胞在维持血管稳态中作用关键，其收缩舒张功能障碍，且内皮细胞分泌的血管活性物质失衡，是多种血管性疾病发病的重要环节，尤其在体循环高血压和肺高血压病理生理过程中起着关键作用。

    [关键词] 内质网应激；未折叠蛋白反应；内皮细胞功能障碍；肺动脉高压

    [中图分类号] R544.1 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2015)09(c)-0030-05

    [Abstract] Endoplasmic reticulum is an important organellein regulating protein synthesis， calcium homeostasis and apoptosis. It is known that endothelial cells have highly developed endoplasmic reticulum. Recently， a growing number of studies have found endoplasmic reticulum stress involved in endothelial dysfunction. A various pathological conditions including homocysteinemia， high blood flow shear stress， hyperlipidemia， high glucose can lead to endothelial dysfunction in part through theactivation of ER stress. Proper endoplasmic reticulum stress helps maintain the balance of endoplasmic reticulum by activating unfolded protein response， whilechronic activation of ER stress and UPR pathways inendothelial cells causes a rise of oxidative stress andinflammatory responses ......