梁娟 白博 胡雪慧

    [摘要] 人工气道是指将导管经鼻腔、口或气管切开插入气道内建立的气体通道，其目的是保证气道通畅，在生理气道与空气或其他气源之间建立有效连接，改善患者通气功能，纠正机体缺氧状态并清除气道内分泌物。人工气道湿化是气道管理的重要组成部分，有效的人工气道湿化可以降低呼吸机相关性肺炎的发生率，缩短机械通气时间和住院时间。近年来，随着重症医学的快速发展，人工气道管理方法也在不断发展，国内外关于人工气道湿化技术的研究较多。本文总结了近年来人工气道湿化方法的研究现状和进展，通过比较气道滴注湿化、气泡湿化、加温蒸汽型湿化、雾化吸入等多种湿化方式的优缺点，总結影响湿化效果的各种因素和人工气道湿化效果的评价方法，以期为临床实践提供参考。

    [关键词] 人工气道；湿化方式；湿化效果；研究进展

    [中图分类号] R473.6 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2016)12(c)-0081-05

    [Abstract] Artificial airway refers to the air passage ways established by the insertion of catheter through the nasal cavity， oral or tracheotomy airway， the purpose of which is to keep airway opened. Effective connection between the physiological airway and air or other gas sources is established to correct hypoxia condition by improving ventilation function and removing airway secretions. Artificial airway humidification is an important part of the airway management. Effective humidification can reduce the incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia and shorten the time of mechanical ventilation and hospital stays. In recent years， with the rapid development of the intensive care medicine ......