邢智伟 苏秀兰

    [摘要] 微小RNA(miRNAs)是一类在转录后阶段调节转录组基因表达的非编码小分子RNA。miRNAs在肿瘤中的作用是目前的研究热点，研究显示通过调节肿瘤细胞中特定miRNAs的表达可以影响肿瘤的发展，并且发现miRNAs可以在表观遗传方面调控肿瘤生长，此外许多抗肿瘤药物在作用过程中也可以影响miRNAs的表達。因此，miRNAs目前在疾病的诊断及治疗方面已经得到重视，并且日后可能被广泛运用于临床实践。

    [关键词] 微小RNA；恶性肿瘤；表观遗传；抗肿瘤药物

    [中图分类号] R3 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2017)01(c)-0027-04

    [Abstract] MiRNAs are kinds of non-coding small RNA， which can regulate gene expression at the stage of post-transcription. At present， the role of miRNAs in tumor is a hot research topic. Studies show that the expression of miRNAs in tumor cells can affect the development of tumor， and it is found that miRNAs can regulate tumor growth at a deeper level of epigenetic aspect. In addition many anticancer drugs in the process also affect the expression of miRNAs. So， miRNAs have received much attention in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumor， and may be widely used in clinical practice in the near future.

    [Key words] MiRNAs； Malignant tumor； Epigenetics； Antitumor drugs

    微小RNA(miRNAs)是在转录后阶段调节转录组基因表达的一类非编码小分子RNA，它广泛存在于动植物细胞内。目前科学家已在人类基因组中发现将近900条miRNAs ......