彭佳 谭波宇 宁宁

    [摘要] 造影剂肾病是一种由造影剂所致的急性肾损伤，发病率逐年攀升，已经成为医源性急性肾衰竭的重要原因之一，其危害日益引起医学界的关注。造影剂肾病存在着大量危险因素，增加了其防治难度。目前造影剂肾病防治手段主要有水化疗法，造影剂选择，血液净化治疗，相关药物预防，如N-乙酰半胱氨酸、腺苷拮抗剂、血管扩张剂、他汀类药物、抗氧化剂以及血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂、L-精氨酸、心钠素、内皮素受体抑制剂、利尿剂等，但多数药物仍存在争议，还有待进一步研究探讨。本文就造影剂肾病的发病机制、危险因素、防治与护理等予以综述，为其预防与治疗提供参考。

    [关键词] 造影剂；造影剂肾病；危险因素；预防

    [中图分类号] R692.5；R981+1 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2017)01(c)-0043-05

    [Abstract] Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a kind of acute kidney injury caused by contrast drugs. The morbidity rate rises year by year， which has become one of the important causes of iatrogenic acute kidney function failure， and the threats are increasingly attended by clinicians. There are many related risk factors for CIN， increased the difficulty of its treatment and prevention. Nowadays， the prevention of CIN mainly concentrate on the hydrated therapy， choice of contrast medium， blood purification treatment， related drug prevention such as N-acetylcysteine， adenosine antagonist， Calcium channel blocker， statins， antioxidant and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor， L-Arginine， atrial natriuretic factor ......