於桥 陈春

    [摘要] 盐酸纳布啡(简称“纳布啡”)是一种吗啡类中枢镇痛药，它能与μ、κ和δ受体结合，激动κ受体，产生中枢镇痛、镇静作用；部分拮抗μ受体，从而减轻了与激动μ受体相关的副作用，特别是关于呼吸抑制、恶心呕吐及瘙痒。主要经肝脏代谢，肠道清除，小部分经肾脏清除。纳布啡镇痛作用起效快，作用时间长，在国外主要用于术后镇痛以及妇科和儿科手术镇痛；在国内自上市以来也备受关注，主要用于缓解各种原因引起的轻到中度疼痛，由于其不良反应发生率低，因而有广阔的应用前景。

    [关键词] 盐酸纳布啡；镇痛；药理作用；临床应用

    [中图分类号] R971.2 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2017)10(a)-0038-04

    [Abstract] Nalbuphine Hydrochloride ("Nalbuphine" for short) is a synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic derivative of the phenanthree group， it can be combined with μ， κ， δ receptor， activating κ receptors， providing central analgesic and sedative effects； partially antagonized the μ opioid receptor， thus reducing the side effects associated with the excitement of opioid receptor， especially onrespiratory depression， nausea， vomiting and pruritus. Nalbuphine is mainly metabolized by liver， clearanced by intestinal， a small part clearanced by the renal. The analgesic effect of nalbuphineis rapid onset ， long duration of action. On abroad， it has been used for postoperative analgesia and analgesia in gynecological and pediatric surgery； in the domestic ......