中老年缺血性脑白质病变危险因素的研究进展
认知障碍,老年人
黄超楠 黄世敬[摘要] 缺血性脑白质病变是脑白质病中最为常见的一种。许多原因均可引发缺血性脑白质病变。及早发现本病,明确其危险因素,并给予早期干预,能有助于提高此类患者未来的生活质量。本文将对近十年来中老年患者缺血性脑白质病变的危险因素、发病机制及临床表现作一综述。
[关键词] 缺血性脑白质病变;老年人;危险因素;认知障碍;小血管病
[中图分类号] R277.7 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2018)08(b)-0030-04
[Abstract] Ischemic white matter lesions is one of the most common cerebral white matter diseases. Many etiological factors could lead to ischemic white matter lesions. Early identification, definition of risk factors, and intervention of the disease could help to improve the patient′s quality of life in the future. This article reviews the studies on the risk factors, pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical manifestations of ischemic white matter lesions in middle and senile patients in the last decade.
[Key words] Ischemic white matter lesions; Elderly; Risk factors; Cognitive impairment; Small vascular disease
脑白质病变(white matter lesions)是老年患者常见的影像学表现[1],在CT表现为脑白质疏松(leukoaraiosis),在头颅核磁共振成像则表现为脑白质高信号。本病是一个长期慢性进行性病变,前期無任何临床表现,具有年迈体衰、运动功能低下、抑郁、认知功能减退[2]、尿便功能障碍等临床特征,是增加脑梗死患者在溶栓过程中脑梗死的发生率、复发率和出血风险的重要的风险因素之一[3]。因此,人们不断探索本病影响因素的目的是有效识别并改善个体危险因素以降低本病的发生率[4] ......
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